cAMP (Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate) Levels in the Nose

The investigators will recruit 40 subjects: 10 with olfactory dysfunction and 30 with normal olfaction. The normal olfaction group will be randomized (15-15)to either daily saline nasal irrigation for one week or no irrigation. Normal olfaction subjects will be seen for two visits, olfactory dysfunction for one. All subjects will complete an UPSIT (smell identification test)and a co-morbidity form. All subjects will have a brief nasal exam and then have nasal cells collected by means of a curette on one side and a cytobrush on the other. All subjects will receive Afrin and lidocaine, to improve visualization and for comfort during cell collection. Subjects will then complete a Comfort Scale related to the methods of cell collection. Normal olfaction subjects randomized to nasal irrigation will receive instructions on how to do it and the irrigation results will be collected for analysis along with the nasal cells. At their return visit, normal olfaction subjects will repeat the UPSIT and the comfort scale--all normal olfaction subjects will have a repeat cell collection. Subjects randomized to nasal irrigation will also complete a transition scale which asks if they feel the irrigation made a difference in their sense of smell. Subjects are compensated for time with a gift card.

Inclusion criteria

Normal olfactory function cohort:

• self-reported normal smell function
• age greater than 18 years

Olfactory dysfunction cohort:

• ICD9 diagnostic code for olfactory dysfunction
• idiopathic olfactory dysfunction
• age greater than 18 years

Exclusion criteria

• allergy to lidocaine
• active upper respiratory infection
• previous nasal or sinus surgery
• current tobacco use
• unable to give consent due to language barrier, cognitive or medical issues