C2 Esophageal Squamous Epithelium Dysplasia

Inclusion criteria

• Male or female of 18 to 80 years old (including 18 and 80 years old).
• At least one unstained lesion (USL) in the esophagus upon high resolution upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with Lugol's staining. Flat (Paris type 0-IIb) USL, with the total area of one or more USLs having a maximum longitudinal size of 6 cm and covering a maximum of one-half of the esophageal circumference.
• Patients with one or more biopsy confirmed esophageal squamous epithelium dysplasia areas within 6 months prior to enrollment, and the pathological diagnosis is moderate to severe esophageal squamous epithelium dysplasia.
• No potential of lymph node metastasis by preoperative comprehensive evaluation.

Exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria

• Male or female of 18 to 80 years old (including 18 and 80 years old).
• At least one unstained lesion (USL) in the esophagus upon high resolution upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with Lugol's staining. Flat (Paris type 0-IIb) USL, with the total area of one or more USLs having a maximum longitudinal size of 6 cm and covering a maximum of one-half of the esophageal circumference.
• Patients with one or more biopsy confirmed esophageal squamous epithelium dysplasia areas within 6 months prior to enrollment, and the pathological diagnosis is moderate to severe esophageal squamous epithelium dysplasia.
• No potential of lymph node metastasis by preoperative comprehensive evaluation.
• The patients are self volunteered to participate in the trial and will sign an informed consent form prior to enroll.

Exclusion criteria

• Females who are pregnant, lactating or plan to get pregnant during the study.
• Known hypersensitivity to iodine.
• Lesions within the target area such as: obvious ulcer; varices at risk of bleeding; active inflammation due to esophageal reflux into the treatment area; lesions view being not flat, or containing unfavourable unstained lesions (USLs) outside the designated treatment areas.
• Esophageal stenosis preventing the passage of the endoscope to the treatment area. Esophageal stenosis or stricture preventing advancement of a therapeutic endoscope within 4 cm of the treatment area.
• Having previously received Heller surgery: any previous ablative esophageal surgery (photodynamic therapy, multipolar electrical coagulation, argon plasma coagulation, laser treatment) or any previous esophageal surgery except for anti-reflux surgery.
• Suffering from any cancer in the past 5 years.
• Severe bleeding potential; patients on anti-coagulative therapy or stopping using anti-coagulative drugs for less than 7 days before enrollment or with impaired coagulation.

• Patients with unstable vital signs 10) Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody positive, both syphilis serology Treponema pallidum-specific antibody test and rapid plasma reagin positive.

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