Bronchoscopic Navigation Robot-guided Dye Marking-assisted Thoracoscopic Pulmonary Nodule Resection

Inclusion criteria

• Aged 18-80 years, regardless of gender;
• Peripheral pulmonary nodules, planned for single lesion non-anatomical sublobar resection via thoracoscopic assistance after preoperative discussion;
• Preoperative assessment indicates that the pulmonary nodules cannot be localized through visual inspection or palpation;
• Patients are able to understand the purpose of the trial, have good compliance with examinations and follow-ups, and voluntarily participate in the clinical trial by signing an informed consent form.

Exclusion criteria

Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from this study:

• Surgical contraindications that do not meet surgical tolerance standards: fulfilling one major criterion and/or two or more minor criteria.

Major criterion: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) or carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) ≤ 50%.

Minor criterion: (1) FEV1 or DLCO 51%-60%; (2) Age ≥ 75 years; (3) Pulmonary hypertension > 40 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa); (4) Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40%; (5) Arterial blood partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) < 55 mmHg or arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≤ 88% with arterial blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) > 45 mmHg.

• Contraindications for bronchoscopy, including: active massive hemoptysis; recent myocardial infarction or unstable angina; severe hypertension and arrhythmias; uncorrectable bleeding tendencies (such as severe coagulopathy, uremia, and severe pulmonary hypertension, etc.); severe superior vena cava syndrome; suspected aortic aneurysm; multiple pulmonary bullae; extremely poor overall condition;
• Female patients who are breastfeeding, pregnant, or trying to conceive;
• Patients with electromagnetic active implantable devices;
• Participants allergic to indocyanine green or anesthetics; or with a history of multiple severe allergies or hereditary allergies;
• Participation in drug clinical trials in the past 3 months, or currently participating, or participation in other medical device clinical trials within the past 30 days;
• Other conditions deemed unsuitable for participation in this clinical trial by the investigator.