Brazilian Green Propolis Extract (EPP-AF) as an Adjunct Treatment for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients (BeeCovid2)

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral propolis as an adjunct treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, we designed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Bee-Covid2) (The Use of Brazilian Green Propolis Extract (EPP-AF®) in Patients Affected by COVID-19).

Inclusion criteria

• Older than 18 years;
• Diagnosis of coronavirus infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction - reverse transcriptase testing;
• Symptoms started within 14 days of the randomization date

Exclusion criteria

• Pregnant or lactating women;
• Known hypersensitivity to propolis;
• Propolis use less than 30 days from the randomization date;
• Active cancer;
• Human immunodeficiency virus carriers;
• Patients undergoing transplantation of solid organs or bone marrow or who were using immunosuppressive medications;
• Bacterial infection at randomization, sepsis or septic shock related to bacterial infection at randomization;
• Impossibility of using the medication orally or by nasoenteral tube;
• Known hepatic failure or advanced heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III or IV).
• End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).