Brain Stimulation and Cognitive Training - Efficacy

MCCB letter-number span total raw score. Letter-number span is a subtest of the standardized MCCB and a measure of verbal working memory. Examinees must reorder sequences of numbers and letters spoken out loud by the examiner. Correct responses are counted to create a total score (0-24, where higher scores indicate better performance). For change scores, a positive value indicates improvement (i.e., higher total score).

MCCB spatial span total raw score. Spatial span is a subtest of the standardized MCCB and a measure of visual working memory. Examinees must tap sequences of blocks in the same order as the examiner then in reverse. Correct responses are summed for the forward and backward condition to create a total raw score (0-32, where higher scores indicate better performance).For change scores, a positive value indicates improvement (i.e., higher total score).

The Trail Making Test, part A is a subtest of the standardized MCCB and a measure of visuomotor processing/sequencing speed. Examinees must draw a line connecting numbers in ascending order as quickly as possible. Completion time in seconds is recorded (0-120, where lower scores represent better performance). For change scores, a positive value indicates improvement (i.e., faster completion time).

Trail Making Test, part B is not part of the standardized MCCB, but is commonly administered alongside part A as a measure of speeded visuomotor switching/flexibility. Examinees must draw a line connecting numbers and letters in alternating order (e.g., 1-A-2-B). Completion time in seconds is recorded (0-300, where lower scores represent better performance). For change scores, a positive value indicates improvement (i.e., faster completion time).