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Completed

NCT Number: NCT04386655

Brain Injury Coping Skills - Telemedicine: Phase II

For phase II, the objective is to compare the effectiveness of BICS-T with the well-established BICS in-person group. Information gained from phase I (the feasibility study) was used to make necessary changes to the BICS-T protocol.

The purpose of this study is to provide survivors of brain injury and caregivers greater support and teach adaptive coping strategies, through a designed and studied a coping skills group specifically for brain injury survivors and their caregivers at the Rehabilitation Hospital of Indiana (RHI) called the Brain Injury Coping Skills group (BICS).

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Key information

Conditions

Traumatic Brain Injury Brain Diseases Brain Injuries Brain Injuries, Traumatic Caregivers Central Nervous System Diseases Coping Skills Craniocerebral Trauma Nervous System Diseases Trauma, Nervous System Wounds and Injuries

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Rehabilitation Hospital of Indiana

Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States

About this study

Brain injury can be devastating for both patients and family members and can result in chronic difficulties in vocational, social, financial, as well as physical functioning. The occurrence of emotional and neurobehavioral challenges in individuals with brain injury is also common with research consistently showing links between these challenges and a person's overall rehabilitation outcome. Additionally, family functioning and caregiver well-being has been shown to influence rehabilitation outcome for a survivor after brain injury. In fact, individuals with families and caregivers who receive support and services, as well as learn adaptive coping strategies, are less likely to exhibit these marked levels of psychological distress.

In order to provide patients and caregivers greater support and teach adaptive coping strategies, the authors of this grant designed and studied a coping skills group specifically for brain injury survivors and their caregivers at the Rehabilitation Hospital of Indiana (RHI) called the Brain Injury Coping Skills group (BICS). BICS is a 12 session (one session per week), manualized, cognitive-behavioral treatment group designed to provide support, coping skills, and psychoeducation aimed to improve perceived self-efficacy (PSE) and emotional functioning. Perceived self-efficacy is the belief or confidence in one's ability to deal with the challenges related to a specific situation (e.g., brain injury). PSE has been found to be strongly linked to social participation, increased positive regard toward the caregiving role, and was found to be the greatest contributing factor to predicting life satisfaction. Cicerone and Azulay found that the greatest contribution to predicting life satisfaction was the person's PSE for managing their cognitive challenges.

Telemedicine is one possible option for rural patients. With increases in the availability of internet and electronic communication, patients now have immediate access to experts and treatment providers who specialize in brain injury. In fact, results from a needs assessment from Ricker and colleagues in 2002 identified telemedicine as a desired need of the brain injury community. To date, several studies have used telemedicine as an avenue to address brain injury rehabilitation for rural patients and caregivers.

For phase II, the objective is to compare the effectiveness of BICS-T with the well-established BICS in-person group. Information gained from phase I (the feasibility study) was used to make necessary changes to the BICS-T protocol.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Participants enrolled in the study will be (1) persons with a history of brain injury (e.g., Traumatic Brain Injury; TBI) or acquired BI (e.g., stroke, hypoxia, ruptured aneurysm, or metabolic encephalopathy) OR a caregiver of a brain injury survivor; (2) 18 years of age and older; and (3) at least six months post-injury. Since there is no reason to believe that treatment effectiveness varies with chronicity, no maximum has been set for time post-injury.

Exclusion criteria

  • Participants will not be included in the study if they present with the following: (1) at imminent risk of psychiatric breakdown, or in imminent danger of hurting themselves or others; (2) active psychosis; (3) aphasia that limits group participation; or (4) significant neurobehavioral difficulties that would be deemed disruptive to group participation.

Treatment and study plan

Brain Injur Coping Skills - Telemedicine

Behavioral

BICS sessions (both in-person and telemedicine) will occur once a week for 12 weeks. Each session will last two hours.

Modules of BICS include: Introduction to Brain Injury, Expectations for Recovery, Tips on Managing Challenging Problems, Learning about Depression after the Brain Injury, The 4 R's of Stress Management, Communicating Effectively with Professionals

Primary outcomes

  1. Brain Injury Self-Efficacy Scale (BICS-Q)

    Time frame: Through study completion, up to 5 months

    This measure assesses perceived self-efficacy regarding a person's brain injury. Participants respond to each item using a scale from 0 (Not at all) to 4 (Extremely). Items are totaled and higher scores suggest greater perceived self-efficacy.

Secondary outcomes

  1. The Group Climate Questionnaire (GCQ)

    Time frame: 3 months

    the most commonly used group process instrument. It is a self-report, 12-item questionnaire that assesses the person's perceptions of the group's therapeutic environment. Items are scored on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from "Not at all" to "Extremely." The three subscales includes Engagement (the level of positive working group atmosphere), Conflict (the level of anger and tension in the group), and Avoidance (the level of behaviors indicating avoidance of personal responsibility of group work by the members).

  2. Group Session Rating Scale (GSRS)

    Time frame: 3 months

    This is a 4-item questionnaire that assesses a person's feelings and perceptions towards the group content and relationships. Items are measured on an analog scale, ranging from 1-10. The four items measure four different aspects of the group environment including: Relationship, Goals, Acceptability, and Overall Fit.

  3. Patient-reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS): General Self-Efficacy

    Time frame: Through study completion, up to 5 months

    This measures a person's confidence in managing daily activities, emotions, medications/treatments, social interactions, and symptoms. Participants respond to each item using a scale from 1 (I am not at all confident) to 5 (I am very confident). Higher scores suggest higher perceived self-efficacy.

  4. Quality of Life After Brain Injury (TBIQOL)

    Time frame: Through study completion, up to 5 months

    This is a quality of life measure designed specifically for patients with brain injury. Participants respond to how satisfied they feel about each item using the following scale: 1 (Not at all), 2 (Slightly), 3 (Moderately), 4 (Quite), 5 (Very). Item scores are added and higher scores suggest higher perceived quality of life after brain injury.

  5. Patient-reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS): Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) Physical Function

    Time frame: Through study completion, up to 5 months

    This is a part of an evaluation on a person's overall quality of life based on physical limitations and ability to participate socially. Participants rate each statement from 1 (unable to do) to 5 (without any difficulty). Higher scores suggest greater physical functioning ability.

  6. Patient-reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS): Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) Anxiety scale

    Time frame: Through study completion, up to 5 months

    This is a part of an evaluation on a person's overall quality of life based on physical limitations and ability to participate socially. Participants rate each statement from 1 (Never) to 5 (Always). Higher scores suggest greater anxiety.

  7. Patient-reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS): Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) Depression scale

    Time frame: Through study completion, up to 5 months

    This is a part of an evaluation on a person's overall quality of life based on physical limitations and ability to participate socially. Participants rate each statement from 1 (Never) to 5 (Always). Higher scores suggest greater depressive symptoms.

  8. Patient-reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS): Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) Fatigue scale

    Time frame: Through study completion, up to 5 months

    This is a part of an evaluation on a person's overall quality of life based on physical limitations and ability to participate socially. Participants rate each statement from 1 (Not at all) to 5 (Very much). Higher scores suggest greater fatigue.

  9. Patient-reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS): Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) Sleep Disturbance scale

    Time frame: Through study completion, up to 5 months

    This is a part of an evaluation on a person's overall quality of life based on physical limitations and ability to participate socially. Participants rate each statement from 1 (Not at all) to 5 (Very much). Higher scores suggest greater sleep disturbance (worse sleep).

  10. Patient-reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS): Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities scale

    Time frame: Through study completion, up to 5 months

    This is a part of an evaluation on a person's overall quality of life based on physical limitations and ability to participate socially. Participants rate each statement from 1 (Always) to 5 (Never). Higher scores suggest greater ability to participate in social roles and activities.

  11. Patient-reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS): Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) Pain Interference scale

    Time frame: Through study completion, up to 5 months

    This is a part of an evaluation on a person's overall quality of life based on physical limitations and ability to participate socially. Participants rate each statement from 1 (Not at all) to 5 (Very much). Higher scores suggest greater likelihood that pain is interfering with the participant's every functioning.

  12. Patient-reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS): Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) Pain Intensity scale

    Time frame: Through study completion, up to 5 months

    This is a part of an evaluation on a person's overall quality of life based on physical limitations and ability to participate socially. Participants rate their pain on a 0 to 10 scale (0 = no pain, 10 = worse pain imaginable).

  13. Therapeutic Factors Inventory (TFI)

    Time frame: 3 months

    This a 7-point Likert scale for group settings. It measures one's feeling of acceptance in a group setting, as well as sense of belonging, working together, trust, and caring. The scale ranges from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 7 (Strongly Agree). Higher scores suggest greater positivity about group acceptance, trust, caring, and working together.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Devan Parrott

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Telemedicine Brain Injury Coping Skills (BICS-T) Support Group for Brain Injury Survivors and Caregivers

Acronym: BICS-T-2

Important dates

Study start
2019
Primary completion
2020
Study completion
2020
First posted
May 13, 2020
Registry last updated
Nov 25, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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