Bioavailability of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids From Cranberry Juice Cocktail in Healthy Older Adults

Cranberries are a particularly rich source of phenolic acids and polyphenols, particularly flavonoids. Among the 20 most commonly consumed fruits in the American diet, cranberries have the highest total phenol content. Health benefits attributed to cranberries include the prevention of urinary tract infections and stomach ulcers as well as improved oral hygiene. These benefits appear to be due principally to the ability of cranberries to interfere with the adhesion of some bacteria to select cell types and surfaces.

Cranberries and cranberry constituents, including several phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, have also been shown to possess antibacterial, antiviral, anti-mutagenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-tumorigenic, anti-angiogenic, and antioxidant activities. Most of this evidence is derived from in vitro studies and animal models. The limited number of human studies available indicate these phytochemicals are bioavailable and bioactive. However, more information is required on the bioavailability and metabolism of cranberry polyphenols, as well as on the relationship between cranberry dose and duration of use, to better understand their impact on risk factors for chronic diseases.

Inclusion criteria

• Men and postmenopausal women
• BMI 18.5-29.9 kg/m2

Exclusion criteria

• Cigarette smoking and/or nicotine replacement use
• Use of cholesterol-lowering medications
• Use of blood pressure-lowering medications
• Use of any stomach acid-lowering medications
• Cardiovascular (heart) disease
• Gastrointestinal disease
• Kidney disease
• Endocrine disease: including diabetes, untreated thyroid disease
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Active treatment for any type of cancer, except basal cell carcinoma, within 1 year prior to study admission
• Systolic blood pressure > 150 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 95 mm Hg
• Regular use of oral steroids
• Regular daily intake of 2 or more alcoholic drinks
• Illicit drug use
• No fish oil supplements (including cod liver oil) for one month prior to study admission
• No dietary supplements, including those containing any vitamins, minerals, herbs, plant concentrates (including garlic, gingko, St. John's wort) or homeopathic remedies, for one month prior to study admission