Bio-electrical Impedance Analysis in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia

Inclusion criteria

• Women aged 18 - 75 years
• Fulfilling the ROME IV criteria for functional dyspepsia (for FD patients)
• FD unexplained by upper GI endoscopy during the past 12 months (mild gastritis allowed) (for FD patients).

Exclusion criteria

• Clinical suspicion of an organic disorder different from FD (patients can be included when this disorder had been excluded);
• Abnormality on upper GI endoscopy other than mild gastritis (for FD patients).
• Known reflux oesophagitis Los Angeles grade C or D, known Barrett oesophagus, peptic stricture.
• H pylori infection, unless treated at least 6 months before;
• Known inflammatory bowel disorder;
• Known major intestinal motility disorder;
• Alcohol (defined as more than 14 U per week) or other substance abuse;
• Active psychiatric disorder;
• Known systemic or auto-immune disorder with implication for the GI system;
• Prior abdominal surgery (with the exception of cholecystectomy or ap-pendectomy);
• Any prior diagnosis of cancer other than basocellular carcinoma;
• Current chemotherapy;
• History of gastro-enteritis in the past 12 weeks;
• Dietary supplements unless taken at a stable dose for more than 12 weeks;
• Treatment with neuromodulators (one neuromodulator taken at a sta-ble dose for more than 12 weeks is allowed);
• Treatment with PPI's during the past 8 weeks
• Pregnancy.