Bilateral Brain Dynamics in Cognition and Aging

Inclusion criteria

• Willing to provide informed consent
• English speaking
• Signed HIPAA authorization
• Use of effective method of birth control for women of childbearing capacity

Exclusion criteria

• Current or recent (within the past 6 months) of substance abuse or dependence, excluding nicotine and caffeine (urine test).
• Current serious medical illness (self report).
• History of seizure except those therapeutically induced by ECT (childhood febrile seizures are acceptable and these subjects may be included in the study), history of epilepsy in self or first degree relatives, stroke, brain surgery, head injury, cranial metal implants, known structural brain lesion, devices that may be affected by TMS or MRI (pacemaker, medication pump, cochlear implant, implanted brain stimulator); [TMS Adult Safety Screening (TASS) form].
• Subjects are unable or unwilling to give informed consent.
• Diagnosed any Axis I DSM-IV disorder (MINI, DSM-IV)
• Subjects with a clinically defined neurological disorder including, but not limited to:

• Any condition likely to be associated with increased intracranial pressure
• Space occupying brain lesion.
• History of stroke.
• Transient ischemic attack within two years.
• Cerebral aneurysm.
• Dementia.
• Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) score of <24.
• Parkinson's disease.
• Huntington's disease.

i. Multiple sclerosis.

• Increased risk of seizure for any reason, including prior diagnosis of increased intracranial pressure (such as after large infarctions or trauma), or currently taking medication that lowers the seizure threshold.
• Subjects not willing to tolerate the confinement associated with being in the MRI scanner.
• Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding (urine test).
• Blindness.
• Inability to read or understand English.
• Intracranial implants, such as:

• Cochlear implants;
• Aneurysms clips;
• Shunts;
• Stimulators;
• Electrodes;
• Cardiac pacemakers;
• Vagus Nerve stimulation devices.