Beyond 12 Hours Reperfusion AlternatiVe Evaluation Trial

Between 8.5% and 40% of patients with acute myocardial infarction present late after symptom onset, no longer being eligible for thrombolysis.Despite efforts to reduce time to presentation, recent studies have demonstrated that time-to-arrival has not changed.The lack of efficacy of thrombolysis in patients with acute MI presenting > 12 hours after symptom onset may be a reason why current guidelines oppose reperfusion therapy in this setting.Several findings suggest, however,that reperfusion therapy may be beneficial even among these patients. First, recent studies have shown that viable salvageable myocardium exists even after >12 hours of severe ischemia. Second, previous studies have not only demonstrated that PCI is better than thrombolysis in patients with acute MI,but also that the time window of efficacy for PCI may be wider than that for thrombolysis.Third, observational studies suggest that PCI is effective even when performed after 12 hours from symptom onset in patients with acute MI. The goal of our trial was to assess whether an invasive strategy based on PCI with stenting is associated with reduction of infarct size in patients with acute STEMI presenting > 12 hours after symptom onset compared with a conventional conservative treatment strategy.

Inclusion criteria

• patients fulfilling the criteria of AMI and presenting at the hospital between 12 and 48 hours after onset of symptoms. The criteria of AMI are fulfilled when at least one episode of typical chest pain lasting ≥ 20 minutes is combined with either unequivocal ECG changes (≥ 0.1 mV of ST-segment elevation in ≥ 2 limb leads or ≥ 0.2 mV in ≥ 2 contiguous precordial leads or new pathological Q-waves) or CK plus concomitant CK-MB increase above twice the upper normal threshold. All patients have to be informed of the nature of the study and should give their informed consent for participation in the study.

Exclusion criteria

• Age <18 years and > 80 years
• Cardiogenic shock (systolic blood pressure < 80 mm Hg unresponsive to fluids or necessitating the infusion of catecholamines: GUSTO I criteria)
• Persistent severe chest pain
• Prior thrombolysis (for index AMI)
• Malignancies with life expectancy < 1year
• History of bleeding diathesis, coagulopathy
• Contraindications to the antithrombotic therapy used in conjunction with coronary stenting (clopidogrel and abciximab)
• Stroke within the past 3 months
• Major surgery within the past 30 days
• Platelets < 100000/mm3 or >700000/mm3, Hb < 10g/dl, white blood cell count <3000/mm3
• Percutaneous coronary intervention within the past 30 days
• Inability to cooperate with study procedures and/or follow-up
• Previous enrollment in this trial