Baduanjin-eight-silken-movement With Self-efficacy Building for Patients With Chronic Heart Failure (BESMILE-HF Study)

Inclusion criteria

• aged 18 years or above
• diagnosed with chronic heart failure
• clinically stable as defined as symptoms and signs that have remained generally unchanged for at least 1 month
• NYHA functional class II or III

Exclusion criteria

• patients who have contraindications to cardiopulmonary test
• patients who have contraindications to exercise training
• Patients who have serious acute or chronic organic disease or mental disorders
• history of cardiac surgery, cardiac resynchronization therapy, or intracardiac defibrillation within the previous 3 months;
• history of cardiac arrest within 1 year;
• history of peripartum cardiomyopathy, hyperthyroid heart disease, primary pulmonary hypertension;
• inability to perform a bicycle stress test;
• severe cognitive dysfunction precluding informed consent or understanding of exercise concepts;
• current regular Baduanjin or current participation in a conventional cardiac rehabilitation program
• current participation in another trial.