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Completed

NCT Number: NCT05370612

AT GOAL: Adopting Technology for Glucose Optimization and Lifestyle in Pregnancy

This study will assess differences in patient preferences and glucose control between continuous glucose monitoring and standard glucose checks in pregnant patients with Type 2 Diabetes. 40 participants will be on study for approximately 182 days (26 weeks).

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Key information

Conditions

Type2diabetes Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications Pregnancy Complications Pregnancy in Diabetic Pregnancy in Diabetics Urogenital Diseases

Age range

18 year–45 year

Sex eligibility

Female

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin, 53715, United States

About this study

This pilot single site randomized control trial will compare the blood glucose control and participant satisfaction scores of continuous glucose monitoring vs standard glucose checks in pregnant women with a prior diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes.

The study population will consist of 40 women who are less than 20 weeks pregnant at time of enrollment who have a pre-pregnancy diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes. Participants will be randomized to one of two treatment arms.

  • Arm 1: Placement of Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitor for glucose monitoring for duration of pregnancy
  • Arm 2: Continuation of standard glucose finger sticks with placement of a blinded Dexcom Pro G6 continuous glucose sensor for two ten day periods (at enrollment and again at 28-32 weeks gestation)

Participant accrual will occur over 18 months at 1 site. Participants will complete 3 study visits, all of which will be in conjunction with previously scheduled prenatal or diabetes visits: at the time of consent (less than 20 weeks gestation), 28-32 weeks gestation, and 2-6 weeks postpartum.. Surveys will be administered at each time point. At the final visit, patients will be asked for participate in a 2-5 minute directed interview as well.

  • Primary Objective
  • To examine the feasibility of completing a study to assess for differences in patient preferences and glucose control between continuous glucose monitoring and standard glucose checks in pregnant patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
  • Secondary Objectives
  • To estimate the effect of continuous glucose monitoring devices placed prior to 20 weeks in pregnancy in patients with Type 2 diabetes on time in range, as measured between 28-32 weeks of pregnancy.
  • To assess patient satisfaction to continuous glucose monitoring during pregnancy
  • To estimate the effect of continuous glucose monitoring on the incidence of neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age greater than or equal to 18 years of age at enrollment
  • Ability to consent in English
  • Gestational age less than or equal to 19 weeks 6 days at enrollment
  • Appropriate dating by certain LMP or ultrasound performed less than or equal to 19 weeks 6 day
  • Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes less than or equal to 19 weeks 6 days
  • Singleton gestation

Exclusion criteria

  • Age less than 18 years of age at enrollment
  • Lack of appropriate dating
  • Multiple gestations
  • Use of concentrated insulin at enrollment (ie U500)
  • Preexisting CGM in place
  • Chronic use of medications known to cause hyperglycemia, such as HIV antiretrovirals and inhaled, injectable and oral corticosteroids
  • Be unwilling or unable to present to Center for Perinatal Care for visits

Treatment and study plan

DEXCOM G6 CGM

Device

Dexcom 6 CGM, an FDA approved device. Sensors will be placed on the abdomen per package instruction to collect continuous glucose data.

Experimental Group will wear CGM for the duration of their pregnancy.

Control Group will have CGM data collected for 10 days at enrollment and at 28-32 weeks into their pregnancy.

Participant Finger Stick Glucose Monitoring

Other

Standard of care for individual participant

Other names: Glucose Monitor

Primary outcomes

  1. Feasibility: Number of Participants Who Complete the Study Within 24 Month Time Period

    Time frame: up to 24 months

    Completion of the study within the 24-month timeframe, including recruitment, randomization, retention, and completion of 36 out of 40 subjects will be a measure of how feasible the intervention is.

  2. Change in Qualitative Survey Answers to Assess Participant Thoughts and Experiences With Diabetes Management

    Time frame: baseline, 12 weeks on study, and postpartum (up to 26 weeks on study)

    Individualized postpartum interviews and qualitative surveys administered at each time point will be used to gather information about participants thoughts and experiences in both arms of the trial about their ability to manage diabetes in pregnancy. Interviews will be analyzed for theme and content. Higher numbers indicate higher satisfaction with diabetes management.

  3. Percentage of Time Where Blood Glucose is Between 70-140 Milligrams Per Deciliter (mg/dL) - Time in Range

    Time frame: Baseline, 26 weeks

    The primary endpoint is the total time within range (blood glucose level 70-140 mg/dL). All CGM data will be extracted from the Dexcom server for analysis. This measure is used to determine if time in range (TIR) is a suitable clinical endpoint for a larger trial. TIR for both arms will be determined and 95% confidence intervals around the difference in means calculated. TIR will be considered suitable if the upper 95% confidence interval for the difference in means is greater than 5 units in favor of CGM.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Number of Participants With Cesarean Delivery

    Time frame: approximately 20 weeks on study (at time of delivery)

  2. Change in Hemoglobin A1c (Percentage) From Initiation to Third Trimester

    Time frame: baseline (approximately 20 weeks gestation), up to 12 weeks on study (up to 32 weeks gestation)

  3. Percentage of Time Spent in Hyperglycemic Range

    Time frame: up to 26 weeks

    Hyperglycemic range is considered greater than 140 mg/dL. A very high hyperglycemic range is >250mg/dL.

  4. Percentage of Time Spent in Hypoglycemic Range

    Time frame: 26 weeks

    Hypoglycemic range is considered less than 70 mg/dL. Low is 55-70, very low is <54.

  5. Rates of Gestational Hypertension

    Time frame: up to approximately 20 weeks on study

    Gestational hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure 90 mg Hg on two occasions at least 4 hours apart.

  6. Rates of Preeclampsia

    Time frame: up to approximately 20 weeks on study

    Gestational hypertension plus either new-onset proteinuria [300 mg/24 hours, protein:creatinine 0.3 mg/dL], thrombocytopenia [platelet count<100,000/uL], elevated Aspartate transaminase or alanine transaminase [>2 upper limit of normal], renal insufficiency [serum creatinine>1.1 mg/dL or an unexplained doubling of creatinine], pulmonary edema, or cerebral or visual symptoms.

  7. Rates of Polyhydramnios

    Time frame: up to approximately 20 weeks on study

  8. Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia

    Time frame: up to 26 weeks

  9. Rates of Fetal Macrosomia

    Time frame: up to 26 weeks

    Actual birthweight greater than 95 percent by Fenton growth curve for newborns

  10. Rates of NICU Admission

    Time frame: up to 26 weeks

  11. Rates of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery

    Time frame: up to approximately 17 weeks on study (less than 37 weeks gestation)

    Preterm delivery is considered less than 37 weeks.

  12. Satisfaction and Quality of Life Survey Scores (5-point Likert Scale)

    Time frame: at enrollment, 28-32 weeks gestation (10 to 14 weeks on study), 2-4 weeks postpartum (up to 26 weeks on study)

    Satisfaction and Quality of Life survey will be administered and answers will be compared between groups. Survey questions include answers on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores range from 15-75, where higher scores indicate lower satisfaction and quality of life, and lower scores indicate higher satisfaction and quality of life.

  13. Qualitative Outcome: Semi-Structured Interviews to Explore How Glucose Monitoring Affects Participants Thoughts and Feelings

    Time frame: 2-4 weeks postpartum (up to 26 weeks on study)

    The interviews will be recorded and transcribed by the Survey Center and analyzed for theme and content by two reviewers for validity.

  14. Qualitative Outcome: Interviews to Understand Participant Sense of Control Around Glucose Monitoring

    Time frame: 2-4 weeks postpartum (up to 26 weeks on study)

    Explore if traditional management versus continuous glucose management has higher feelings of control over diabetes management. The interviews will be recorded and transcribed by the Survey Center and analyzed for theme and content by two reviewers for validity.

  15. Satisfaction and Quality of Life Survey - How Satisfied Are You Currently With the Amount of Time it Takes to Manage Your Diabetes?

    Time frame: at enrollment, 28-32 weeks gestation (10 to 14 weeks on study), 2-4 weeks postpartum (up to 26 weeks on study)

    A custom survey for Satisfaction and Quality of Life will be administered and answers will be compared between groups. Questions include answers on a 7-point Likert scale, where 1 = very dissatisfied and 7 = very satisfied

  16. Satisfaction and Quality of Life Survey - How Satisfied Are You With the Time it Takes to Determine Your Sugar Level?

    Time frame: at enrollment, 28-32 weeks gestation (10 to 14 weeks on study), 2-4 weeks postpartum (up to 26 weeks on study)

    A custom survey for Satisfaction and Quality of Life will be administered and answers will be compared between groups. Questions include answers on a 7-point Likert scale, where 1 = very dissatisfied and 7 = very satisfied

  17. Satisfaction and Quality of Life Survey - How Satisfied Are You With the Total Time it Has Taken to Manage Your Diabetes Over the Last 2 Weeks?

    Time frame: at enrollment, 28-32 weeks gestation (10 to 14 weeks on study), 2-4 weeks postpartum (up to 26 weeks on study)

    A custom survey for Satisfaction and Quality of Life will be administered and answers will be compared between groups. Questions include answers on a 7-point Likert scale, where 1 = very dissatisfied and 7 = very satisfied

  18. Satisfaction and Quality of Life Survey - How Satisfied Are You With Your Current Diabetes Treatment?

    Time frame: at enrollment, 28-32 weeks gestation (10 to 14 weeks on study), 2-4 weeks postpartum (up to 26 weeks on study)

    A custom survey for Satisfaction and Quality of Life will be administered and answers will be compared between groups. Questions include answers on a 7-point Likert scale, where 1 = very dissatisfied and 7 = very satisfied

  19. Satisfaction and Quality of Life Survey - How Satisfied Are You With Time Spent Getting Checkups for Your Diabetes?

    Time frame: at enrollment, 28-32 weeks gestation (10 to 14 weeks on study), 2-4 weeks postpartum (up to 26 weeks on study)

    A custom survey for Satisfaction and Quality of Life will be administered and answers will be compared between groups. Questions include answers on a 7-point Likert scale, where 1 = very dissatisfied and 7 = very satisfied

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Other

Collaborators

  • DexCom, Inc.

Registry information

Official study title

Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnant Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, a Mixed Methods Approach

Important dates

Study start
2022
Primary completion
2024
Study completion
2024
First posted
May 11, 2022
Registry last updated
Mar 31, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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