Association of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block (TAPB) with Postoperative Delirium (POD) in Elderly Patients Undergoing Major Gastrointestinal Surgery

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common neurocognitive disorder in elderly patients after surgery, which is characterized by attention deficit, memory impairment and confusion, usually occurring within one week after surgery. It occurs in 11%-51% of elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery and is associated with long-term poor prognosis such as dementia and increased mortality. Risk factors include advanced age, high ASA grade, hypoalbuminemia, and prolonged anesthesia. Regional nerve block (NBs), as the core means of multimodal analgesia, has been shown to reduce the incidence of POD in orthopedic and thoracic surgery by reducing opioid use and stress response, but its effect in elderly gastrointestinal surgery still needs to be further explored. Transverse abdominal muscle plane block (TAPB) is a commonly used technique in abdominal surgery. It can effectively control pain and reduce inflammation and stress response by blocking sensory nerves in the abdominal wall. This study focused on the effect of TAPB on POD in elderly patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery, aiming to provide evidence-based evidence for optimizing perioperative anesthesia management.

Inclusion criteria

• age ≥65 years;
• major gastrointestinal surgery, defined as procedures lasting more than one hour and involving partial resection of the stomach or intestines;
• general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation.

Exclusion criteria

• emergency surgeries;
• transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM);
• patients with a history of preoperative delirium, altered consciousness, or psychiatric conditions, such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and anxiety or depressive disorders, as well as encephalopathies (hepatic, pulmonary, and renal) and hydrocephalus, along with those experiencing significant preoperative visual or auditory impairments;
• patients who died within 24 h postoperatively or missing data of >50% in their medical records.