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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07166276

Association of Coffee With Periodontal Status

A total of 318 patients applying to Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University will be included in the study. Based on anamnesis, radiographic examination, and the 2018 classification of periodontal diseases, the participants will be categorized into three groups: periodontal health (n=106), gingivitis (n=106), and periodontitis (n=106). Information regarding participants' coffee consumption habits and their daily coffee intake will be collected. Clinical parameters to be measured will include plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level.

The frequency of coffee consumption will be evaluated as daily, 1-2 times per week, 3-4 times per week, once per month, twice per month, and once per year. The amount of coffee consumed at a single occasion (cup, glass, mug, etc.) will also be recorded. In caffeinated coffee consumption, the preference for weak, moderate, or strong coffee, as well as consumption with milk, condensed milk, sugar, honey, or sweeteners will be assessed. For Turkish coffee, the consumption pattern will be categorized as unsweetened, moderately sweetened, or sweetened.

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Key information

Conditions

Periodontal Diseases Mouth Diseases Periodontitis Stomatognathic Diseases

Age range

18 year–65 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University

Bolu, 14030, Turkey (Türkiye)

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Healthy individuals were between 18 and 65 years

Exclusion criteria

  • Individuals were excluded if they had smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime, were current smokers, had a diagnosis of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, were pregnant, or were breastfeeding.

Treatment and study plan

Coffee

Other

The type of coffee consumed, the daily amount of coffee, and the frequency of consumption were measured.

Primary outcomes

  1. periodontal pocket depth

    Time frame: Baseline

    physical methods to measure the distance from the bottom of a pocket to a reference line, usually the gingival margin or the cemento-enamel junction.

  2. bleeding on probing

    Time frame: baseline

    To test for bleeding after probing, the probe is carefully introduced to the bottom of the pocket and gently moved laterally along the pocket wall. + is maximum and - is minimum.

  3. Frequency of consumption of fermented foods

    Time frame: baseline

    the frequency of fermented foods is measured. The foods questioned were evaluated using a 7-point Likert-type frequency form (every day, 3-4 per week, 1-2 per week, 2 per month, 1 per month, never). In addition, the amounts of foods consumed each time were recorded, and the daily consumption amounts were obtained by dividing them by the frequency of consumption.

Secondary outcomes

  1. plaque index

    Time frame: baseline

    an index for estimating the status of oral hygiene by measuring dental plaque that occurs in the areas adjacent to the gingival margin. 0 is minimum and 3 is maximum. The situation worsens as the score increases.

  2. gingival index

    Time frame: baseline

    The Gingival Index (GI) scores each site on a 0 to 3 scale, with 0 being normal and 3 being severe inflammation characterized by edema, redness, swelling, and spontaneous bleeding. 0 is minimum and 3 is maximum. The situation worsens as the score increases.

  3. clinical attachment level

    Time frame: baseline

    The clinical attachment level (CAL) and radiographically assessed bone levels are used to assess the loss of periodontal tissue support in periodontitis, a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease of the periodontium.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Tuğba ŞAHİN

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Association of Coffee Consumption With Periodontal Health and Disease: An Observational Study

Acronym: acpc

Important dates

Study start
2024
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Sep 10, 2025
Registry last updated
Nov 21, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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