Association Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Male Hypogonadism

In this study, we conduct a cross-sectional study investigating the prevalence of hypogonadism in HIV-infected MSM population. Age-matched non-HIV infected MSM group will be used as comparison group. We will also determine the risk factors associated with male hypogonadism (age, duration of HIV infection, comorbidities, BMI, ART use). Correlation will be made between serum testosterone levels and sexual function, vitality, exercise capacity, mood, and bone mineral density.

Inclusion criteria

• HIV-infected men who have sex with men
• HIV non-infected men

Exclusion criteria

• Use of testosterone supplement, anabolic steroid in the past one year.
• History of pituitary , adrenal or gonad diseases
• History of pituitary surgery or radiation therapy
• History of systemic chemotherapy
• Active opportunistic infection under treatment
• Cancer
• Severe hepatic, renal or cardiac impairment