Assessment of Weight-bearing Ankle Range of Motion Using the Ankle Test and Lower Body Test and Its Relationship With Ligamentous Hyperlaxity in Child Basketball Players Aged 8 to 15 Years

Observational, cross-sectional, analytical (correlational and comparative) study: Measurements are taken at a single point in time. Groups defined by exposure (hypermobile vs. non-hypermobile) are compared. Associations between variables (hypermobility, ankle dorsiflexion, previous injuries) are analyzed.

The study consists of 3 clinical tests that will be performed only once on the same day. First, hypermobility will be assessed in 5 subjects using the validated Beighton scale. This simple scale is used by pediatricians to assess generalized hypermobility. It consists of 5 tests: passive maximum elbow extension, passive maximum knee extension, passive dorsiflexion of the metatarsophalangeal joint, forward trunk flexion with knees straight while trying to place palms on the floor, and passive thumb apposition on the forearm while the shoulder is flexed to 90 degrees and the elbow is kept extended with the hand pronated. A goniometer will be used in the tests. Secondly, the Ankle Test with leg movement will be performed, a specific test of ankle dorsiflexion under bipedal weight-bearing. The test consists of flexing the knee to touch the leg movement marker set at a distance of 10 cm, thus bringing the ankle forward (anterior tibial displacement). In this way, we will assess the maximum distance reached without lifting the heel, translating these measurements in centimeters as the ankle dorsiflexion range. Once this position is reached, we will use an inclinometer (Easy Angle), placing it 15 cm from the tibial tuberosity and obtaining the same parameter, but in degrees. Finally, the ankle range of motion under single-leg weight-bearing will be assessed with the Lower Body Test using the Octobalance. The test consists of moving the foot as far away as possible from an object positioned 30 cm in front, behind, and to the left side (lines along which we will assess the range of motion). In that maximum position, we will interpret, in centimeters and in degrees using inclinometry, the range of motion of the ankle under load.

Inclusion criteria

• Subjects within the age range specified in the study.
• Signed and fully completed parental consent form.
• Participation in basketball as a sport twice a week, not including school physical education, or a total of 3 hours per week.

Exclusion criteria

• Subjects with injuries or any musculoskeletal impairment relevant to the measurement of the parameters to be evaluated.
• Any temporary illness that prevents the participant from being in full physical condition.
• Disorders related to loss of balance due to vestibular, cognitive, or cerebellar causes.
• Performance of a warm-up outside of the established protocol.