Assessment of Remote Vital Signs for Telemedicine Applications

The purpose of this study is to determine whether vital signs can be extracted from video. A secondary purpose is to create a database, including raw video, of "ground truth" physiological data on human subjects in order to test current and/or future approaches developed to extract vital signs from video. This research may have an immediate impact on not only the assessment of risk for COVID-19 but also may provide a significant technological enhancement to JHM's telemedicine capabilities. Participants may be asked to:

• Complete surveys that include basic questions about participant, participant's personality, and participant's level of fitness. Participants will not be required to complete any of the surveys if participant does not feel comfortable doing so.
• Provide a subjective assessment of whether participant feels physically well enough to participate in this experiment. If participant does not feel well on a particular day and wish to participate, the research team can schedule the participant for an alternate appointment.
• Be fitted with several sensors that will measure participant's heart, participant's skin, participant's breathing, or other aspects of how participant's body is working. The sensors may be placed on participant's collarbone, below participant's ribs, on each forearm, on each ankle, and/or on participant's fingers using small stickers, medical tape, or similar means. The investigators may allow participants to place the sensors themselves under the supervision of a research team member or have the sensors placed for participants. If participant prefers, a research team member of the same sex will be available to assist sensor placement. The investigators may also place stickers or use non-permanent marker on participant's face to create clear reference points in the video.
• Complete cognitive tasks that involve viewing simple items on the screen (such as colors, shapes, letters, words, or sentences), then making decisions, such as deciding whether to press a button, whether each item matches an earlier item, or whether to remember the item or not based on a simple rule.
• Complete light to moderate exercise, such as pedaling on a stationary bicycle. The investigators will measure participant's resting heart rate, and then set a target heart rate of 20% higher for light exercise and 40% higher for moderate exercise. The American Heart Association defines moderate exercise as 50-70% of participant's maximum heart rate, which is estimated based on participant's age. To ensure a safe limit on participant's heart rate, the investigators will check that participant's target heart rates do not exceed 70% of participant's maximum estimated heart rate. If participants have health concerns about the level of exertion required, please discuss those concerns with the physician to determine whether it would be appropriate for participant to participate. Participants will only be required to make a single laboratory visit.

Inclusion criteria

• Age: 18-75
• Fluent in English
• Normal or corrected-to-normal vision
• Able to participate in study activities
• Passed Johns Hopkins Medicine Outpatient Office COVID-19 screening checklist within 24 hours of study visit.

Exclusion criteria

• Hospitalization for heart failure, stroke or major cardiac event (myocardial infarction) within past 3 months.
• History of chest pain during exercise (angina).
• High blood pressure needing more than 1 medication for treatment.
• Blood pressure at rest exceeding systolic blood pressure (SBP) 150 millimeters of Mercury (mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 100 mmHg.
• Heart rate at rest exceeding 100 beats per minute (bpm).
• Abnormal ECG, indwelling pacemaker or cardiac defibrillator.
• Home oxygen prescription.
• Women who or are pregnant or suspect they may be pregnant.