Assessment of D-dimer and CRP for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Hemodialysis Patients

This cross-sectional study is designed to explore the potential role of hematologic biomarkers in predicting cardiovascular complications among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this population, and systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability are thought to contribute significantly to adverse outcomes.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-established marker of systemic inflammation, while D-dimer reflects activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. Both biomarkers have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk in the general population, but their predictive value in hemodialysis patients remains insufficiently characterized.

A total of 100 adult patients on maintenance hemodialysis will be evaluated. The population will be stratified into two groups based on the presence or absence of clinically confirmed cardiovascular disease. Laboratory analysis will include measurement of CRP and D-dimer, and cardiovascular assessment will include a standard 12-lead ECG. Clinical and demographic data will also be collected.

Inclusion criteria

• Adults aged ≥18 years

On regular hemodialysis for at least 3 months

Able and willing to provide informed consent

Group I: Hemodialysis patients with no clinically documented cardiovascular disease

Group II: Hemodialysis patients with confirmed cardiovascular disease (by medical records, ECGs, echocardiography, or documented hospital admissions)

Exclusion criteria

• Acute or recent infection (within the past 4 weeks)

Use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy

Active malignancy

Autoimmune or chronic inflammatory disease

Known bleeding or thrombotic disorders

Pregnancy