Ashtangayoga for IBS Show Positive Preliminary Effects on Symptoms and Well-being

Irritable Bowel Syndrome Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS; [17] is a scale that measure the global severity of IBS-symptoms. It includes five items; pain severity, pain frequency, bowel bloating, bowel habit dissatisfaction and life interference that are scored on a visual analogue scale (VAS) 0-100 mm. The total score ranges from 0-500 with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms.

Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale - IBS version (GSRS-IBS; [18] measures the severity of IBS-symptoms experienced over the past week. The scale consists of 13 items measuring five symptom domains of IBS: satiety, pain, diarrhea, constipation and bloating. The symptoms are rated on a scale ranging from 1 (= no discomfort) to 7 (= very severe discomfort) with a total score from 13-91. Higher scores indicating more severe symptoms.

IBS Quality of Life (IBSQOL; [19] is a disease-specific health-related quality of life scale (HRQOL). The instrument consists of 34 items that measure nine domains of quality of life: emotional functioning, mental health, physical functioning, sleep, diet, energy, social role, physical role and sexual relations. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 to 5 or 1 to 6, the raw scores is then transformed into a scale of 0-100 with higher scores indicating a better IBS-specific quality of life.

Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI; [20] measures gastrointestinal symptom-specific anxiety. The scale consists of 15 items rated on a scale from 0 (=strongly agree) to 5 (=strongly disagree). The total score ranges from 0-75 with higher scores suggesting higher GI-related anxiety

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; [21] measures the severity of anxiety and depression in non-psychiatric patients. It consists of 14 items, seven related to anxiety and seven to depression. Each item is scored from 0-3 which gives a total range of 0-21 points. Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.

The Patient Health Questionnaire 12 (PHQ-12; [22] is a modification of PHQ-15 which measures the experience of 15 different somatic symptoms. Three of the 15 items are GI-related and are therefore excluded from the PHQ-12 in order to be able to exclusively measure extraintestinal somatic symptoms. The symptoms measured are back pain, chest pain, dizziness, fainting spells, feeling the heart pound or race, headaches, pain in arms or legs, pain during sexual intercourse, shortness of breath, tiredness, trouble sleeping and problems with the period. The questionnaire consists of 12 items rated on a scale from 0 (=not bothered at all) to 2 (=bothered a lot). The total score ranges from 0-24, higher scores indicate greater extraintestinal symptoms.