Artificial Intelligence-Based Emergency Triage Education Tool in Enhancing Clinical Critical Thinking and Triage Practice

short-term and long-term triage skill retention based on different pedagogy approaches The checklist is based on the Hospital Authority, Hong Kong triage guidelines. There are a total of 35 items that test the triage practice's specificity, which focuses on triage questioning and assessment selection in the game scenarios.

For every corrected item, 1 score will be given. Therefore the maximum value is 35, presenting the best outcome in skill specificity; the minimum value is 0, the worst outcome.

Moreover, 4 items are testing the triage accuracy of decision-making and management. The maximum value is 4, presenting the best outcome in skill accuracy; the minimum value is 0, the worst outcome.

The cognitive engagement will be using the Situational Cognitive Engagement Measurements tools to evaluate.

The tool consisted of three elements, measured by four items: (1) engagement with the task at hand, (2) effort and persistence, and (3) experience of flow or having been totally absorbed by the activity. The items were scored on a 5-point Likert scale: 1 (not true et al for me), 2 (not true for me), 3 (neutral), 4 (true for me), and 5 (very true for me). A higher total score presents a better cognitive engagement.

Moreover, qualitative interviews to ask about their feeling and experiences towards cognitive engagement during the intervention.

To evaluate the effectiveness of different pedagogies on students' critical thinking, the tool of Northeastern Illinois University's Critical Thinking Rubric is used to assess.

Student performance is evaluated across four proficiency levels, ranging from 'limited or no proficiency' (scored at one point) to 'high proficiency' (scored at four points). The total rubric scores for a simulated scenario ranged from 6 to 24 (Higher scores represented a better critical thinking performance). is a comprehensive tool to assess critical thinking skills in six key dimensions.

by different pedagogies, the tool of Short Form English version of the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory will be used to evaluate students' self-rated critical thinking index.

It includes a series of statements related to critical thinking on a Likert scale (1: strongly disagree; 5: strongly agree), The tool may cover systematic analysis (5 items), thinking within the box (8 items) and outside the box (5 items). A higher score means better self-rated critical thinking.

The usability will be using the System Usability Scale tools to evaluate. The tool measured 10 items. The items were scored on a 5-point Likert scale: 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). A higher total score presents a better system usability.

Moreover, qualitative interviews to ask about their feeling and experiences towards system usability during the intervention.

The simulation-based experience will be using the Simulation Effectiveness Tool - Modified tools to evaluate.

It is a 19-item tool that includes a 2-item pre-briefing, a 12-item scenario and a 5-item debriefing. A higher score on the tool reflects students' favourable perceptions of the simulation. Moreover, qualitative interviews to ask about their feeling and experiences towards simulation-based experience during the intervention.