Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Training for Novice Physicians in Electronic Nasopharyngolaryngoscopy

Electronic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy is an important diagnostic procedure in otorhinolaryngology, but its examination quality is highly dependent on the operator's experience. Novice physicians may have difficulty in systematically visualizing key anatomical regions, maintaining a clear field of view, and completing a standardized examination.

Artificial intelligence-assisted monitoring systems may provide real-time feedback during endoscopic examination and help trainees improve anatomical site recognition and procedural completeness. This study is designed to evaluate the educational value of an AI-assisted monitoring system in the training of novice physicians performing electronic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy.

Novice physicians will be assigned to different training approaches, including an AI-assisted training method and a conventional training method. During the training phase, participants will receive supervised practice, with or without the support of the AI-assisted monitoring system, depending on group allocation.

Following the training period, participants will perform electronic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy under appropriate supervision. Their performance will be evaluated using recorded procedure data and expert assessment to compare outcomes between training approaches. Measures will be taken throughout the study to ensure patient safety under the guidance of experienced physicians.

Eligibility Criteria for Novice Physicians： Inclusion Criteria

• Aged 18 years or older.
• Otorhinolaryngology residents or standardized residency training physicians.
• No prior independent experience in electronic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy.
• Holding both a physician qualification certificate and a physician practice certificate registered at the study institution.
• Willing to participate in the study and provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria
• Previous participation in other endoscopy training studies.
• Inability to complete the required continuous training period

Eligibility Criteria for Patient Participants： Inclusion Criteria

• Aged 18 years or older.
• Male or female.
• Clinical need for electronic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy.
• Able and willing to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria
• Pregnancy.
• History of allergy to topical anesthetics such as tetracaine or lidocaine.
• Language or communication barriers.
• Anatomical abnormalities, such as laryngeal stenosis, or prior nasopharyngeal or laryngeal surgery.
• Inability to tolerate the examination position.
• Any condition judged by the investigator to make the participant unsuitable for the study.