Articaine and Bupivacaine in Impacted Tooth Surgery

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cardiac rate and blood oxygen saturation level were monitored using a patient monitor before beginning of the surgery (T1), 1 min later following the anesthesia (T2) and immediately after the surgery (T3).

Postoperative pain was evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10 and patients were instructed to complete the scale in 6th, 12th, 24th, 48th and 72th hours and 7th day postoperatively.

Maximal incisal opening (MIO) measured with ruler preoperatively and at the 7th day.

Duration of the surgery, which was determined by the time between the first incision to last suture was recorded.

Onset of anesthetic action was be determined by the first sign of numbness of the ipsilateral lower lip, tongue and alveolar mucosa,

The time between the first incision and the last suture was evaluated as operation time.

The quality of the anesthesia was evaluated by the surgeon which was based on a 3- point category rating scale: Grade 1: no discomfort reported by the patient during the surgery; Grade 2: any discomfort reported by patient during the surgery, without the need of additional anesthesia; Grade 3: any discomfort reported by patient during the surgery, with the need of additional anesthesia.

Intraoperative bleeding was rated by the surgeon which based on a 3-point category rating scale as: Grade 1: minimal bleeding; Grade 2: normal bleeding; Grade 3: excessive bleeding.

Surgical difficulty was determined by modified Parant scale as follows:

Grade 1: extraction with forceps only; Grade 2: extraction by osteotomy; Grade 3: extraction by osteotomy and coronal section; Grade 4: complex procedures (root section).

Duration of the postoperative anesthesia be determined by the absence of sensibility of ipsilateral lower lip, tongue and alveolar mucosa and duration of the postoperative analgesia determined by the time from the end of the operation to the first naproxen sodium intake.