ARROW:identificAtion of postpRandial biomaRkers tOWards Cardiovascular Prevention

Inclusion criteria

• Willing and able to sign written informed consent in English or Chinese prior to trial entry
• 40-54 years old
• Both male and female subjects
• Chinese ethnic group (having both grandparents Chinese)
• Low Framingham risk of CHD (<10%)
• Apparently healthy (i.e. no chronic or ongoing acute disease), based on investigator's clinical judgement

Exclusion criteria

• Food allergy to any of the constituents of the meal challenge (milk proteins, lactose, soy).
• Subjects not willing or not able to comply with scheduled visits and the requirements of the study protocol.
• Contraindication to MRI
• Pregnant or lactating women based on investigator's clinical judgement.
• Morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2).
• Previous myocardial infarction (MI). This will include ST-elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI).
• Known coronary artery disease - prior coronary revascularization.
• Known documented peripheral arterial disease.
• Previous stroke (defined as new focal neurological deficit persisting more than 24hours).
• Use of anti-hypertensive agents.
• Prior history of cancer (excludes pre-cancerous lesions).
• Life expectancy less than 1 year.
• Known definite diabetes mellitus or on treatment for diabetes mellitus.
• Known autoimmune disease or genetic disease.
• Known endocrine and metabolic diseases, even on treatment, including hyperlipidemia.
• Psychiatric illness.
• Asthma or chronic lung disease requiring long term medications or oxygen.
• Chronic infective disease, including tuberculosis, hepatitis B and C; and HIV.
• Currently participating or having participated in another clinical trial within 4 weeks prior to trial start (except for Biobank Study and SingHeart).