Apneic Oxygenation by Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilator Exchange Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

With the increasing prevalence of obesity, the prevalence of OSA is also rising, ranging from 9% to 25% in the general adult population. Patients with OSA have features of an anatomically tricky airway due to a crowded collapsible pharyngeal space, compounded by physiological problems related to lower functional residual capacity and increased oxygen consumption, leading to faster oxygen desaturation. Meanwhile, patients with OSA, compared to patients without OSA, have a 3-4 times higher risk of difficult intubation, difficult mask ventilation, or both. Apnoea time is a potentially hazardous period during induction of anesthesia and it is particularly so in patients with OSA. OSA patients undergoing general anesthesia gave rise to many concerns and challenges, and strategies to extend the apneic time were required. Identifying the most effective method of oxygenating OSA patients can therefore significantly improve the safety of delivering general anaesthesia to these patients.

Inclusion criteria

• patients aged between 18 and 75 years requiring general anesthesia
• American society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system: I - III
• diagnosed as OSA.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients with chronic respiratory disease, uncontrolled hypertension, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, increased intracranial pressure, gastroesophageal reflux disease,
• patients' arterial hemoglobin saturation < 98% after preoxygenation,
• patients were nasal obstruction
• patients with previous or anticipated difficult facemask ventilation or intubation,
• patients with known allergy or contraindication to propofol, remifentanil, rocuronium, or midazolam.
• patients who were unable to give informed consent