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NCT Number: NCT07476820

Anxiety and Physiological Responses in Ambulatory Surgery

This study aims to investigate the effects of music intervention on subjective anxiety and physiological indicators, including heart rate, blood pressure, and heart rate variability, in first-time ambulatory surgery patients, and to compare the differential effects between self-selected and standardized music interventions.

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Key information

Conditions

Anxiety Anxiety Disorders Blood Pressure Heart Rate Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Mental Disorders

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

About this study

This study aims to investigate the effects of music intervention on subjective anxiety and physiological parameters in first-time ambulatory surgery patients. The physiological parameters include heart rate, blood pressure, and heart rate variability (HRV), while subjective anxiety will be assessed using standardized measurement scales. The study also compares the differential effects of two types of music interventions-self-selected music and standardized classical music-on patients' anxiety and physiological parameters. During the intervention, all music playback conditions, including timing, environment, and use of headphones, will be kept consistent to ensure comparability between groups. The results of this study will provide evidence on the clinical applicability of music as a non-pharmacological strategy for anxiety management.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Be at least 18 years old.
  • Undergo outpatient surgery for the first time.
  • Be mentally clear and able to communicate in Chinese and complete the questionnaire.
  • Agree to wear physiological monitoring devices and sign the consent form.

Exclusion criteria

  • Hearing impairment or the need to use a hearing aid.
  • Currently using sleeping pills/sedatives or having a mental illness.
  • Severe cardiovascular disease or having an implanted pacemaker.
  • Diseases that affect autonomic nervous system function.

Treatment and study plan

Self-selected Music intervention

Behavioral

This study adopted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. Eligible outpatients undergoing surgery for the first time were recruited and randomly assigned, using block randomization, into three groups: a self-selected music group, a fixed-music group, and a control group. During the intervention period, participants in the music groups listened to music (self-selected or fixed) for 10 minutes in the preoperative nursing waiting area, while the control group received routine care. Data were collected at three time points: before surgery (T0), during the intervention (T1), and after surgery (T2).

Fixed-music Music intervention

Behavioral

Participants assigned to the standardized music group will listen to pre-selected classical music provided by the research team, aimed at promoting relaxation and focused attention. The selected music maintains a stable tempo of 60-70 beats per minute and is delivered at a sound level below 60 dB to ensure comfort and safety. Music will be administered via headphones under standardized conditions. The timing, duration, listening environment, and outcome measurement procedures will be identical to those used in the personalized music group to ensure consistency of intervention across study arms

Primary outcomes

  1. Subjective Anxiety: Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A)

    Time frame: Baseline (T0, pre-intervention); during the 10-minute intervention (T1); immediately after surgery in the postoperative recovery period (T2)]

    Subjective anxiety will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A; score range: 0-10). Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. Measurements will be recorded at baseline (T0, pre-intervention), during the 10-minute intervention (T1), and immediately after surgery in the postoperative recovery period (T2).

  2. Subjective Anxiety: State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S)

    Time frame: Baseline (T0, pre-intervention); immediately after surgery in the postoperative recovery period (T2)]

    Subjective anxiety will be assessed using the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S; score range: 20-80). Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. Measurements will be recorded at baseline (T0, pre-intervention) and immediately after surgery in the postoperative recovery period (T2).

  3. Subjective Anxiety: Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS)

    Time frame: Baseline (T0, pre-intervention)

    Subjective anxiety will be assessed using the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS; score range: 6-30). Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. Measurements will be recorded at baseline (T0, pre-intervention).

Secondary outcomes

  1. Heart Rate Variability (HRV)

    Time frame: Baseline (T0, pre-intervention) and during the 10-minute intervention (T1)

    Heart rate variability (HRV) will be recorded using a wrist-worn physiological monitor (Heart Rhythm Master). HRV parameters will include time-domain and frequency-domain indices.

  2. Systolic Blood Pressure

    Time frame: Baseline (T0, pre-intervention) and during the 10-minute intervention (T1)

    Systolic blood pressure will be recorded using a wrist-worn physiological monitor (Heart Rhythm Master).

  3. Diastolic Blood Pressure

    Time frame: Baseline (T0, pre-intervention) and during the 10-minute intervention (T1)

    Diastolic blood pressure will be recorded using a wrist-worn physiological monitor (Heart Rhythm Master).

  4. Heart Rate

    Time frame: Baseline (T0, pre-intervention) and during the 10-minute intervention (T1)

    Heart rate will be recorded using a wrist-worn physiological monitor (Heart Rhythm Master).

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Da-Yeh University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Subjective Anxiety and Physiological Parameters in First-Time Ambulatory Surgery Patients

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Mar 17, 2026
Registry last updated
Mar 17, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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