Antegrade Autologous Blood Reinfusion After CPB

Inclusion criteria

• Age 18 to 80 years
• Patients undergoing elective, isolated coronary artery bypass grafting surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (on-pump).

Exclusion criteria

• Emergency or Redo cardiac surgery
• Concomitant cardiac procedures (e.g., valve repair/replacement or aortic surgery).
• Planned or intraoperative conversion to off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
• Preoperative hematocrit <30% or known inherited/acquired bleeding disorders.
• Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction <30%.
• Thrombocytopenia (e.g., platelet count <100×10³/µL) or abnormal coagulation tests.
• Use of antiplatelet agents other than aspirin without appropriate discontinuation according to current guideline-recommended preoperative intervals.
• Use of anticoagulant therapy without appropriate preoperative discontinuation according to current guideline recommendations.
• Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) without appropriate discontinuation prior to surgery.
• Severe renal dysfunction (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m² or dialysis) and/or severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh B-C or coagulopathy).
• Active infection or systemic inflammatory/autoimmune disease.
• Active malignancy requiring ongoing treatment
• Refusal or inability to provide written informed consent.