Animation-Based Breathing Therapy for School-Age Children

Chest expansion will be assessed using a measuring tape. While the children are in a relaxed seated position, measurements will be taken from the axillary, epigastric, and subcostal regions. The difference between the chest circumference at maximal inspiration and maximal expiration will be calculated and recorded.

Chest expansion will be assessed using a measuring tape. While the children are in a relaxed seated position, measurements will be taken from the axillary, epigastric, and subcostal regions. The difference between the chest circumference at maximal inspiration and maximal expiration will be calculated and recorded.

Peak expiratory flow will be measured using a peak expiratory flow meter. The children will be instructed to take a deep breath and then exhale as forcefully and as quickly as possible into the device while in a standing position. The highest value from three consecutive trials will be recorded for analysis.

Peak expiratory flow will be measured using a peak expiratory flow meter. The children will be instructed to take a deep breath and then exhale as forcefully and as quickly as possible into the device while in a standing position. The highest value from three consecutive trials will be recorded for analysis.

Walking speed will be assessed using the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT). The 10MWT is a performance-based measure used to evaluate walking ability or gait speed over a short distance, expressed in meters per second. A 14-meter walkway will be marked, with 2-meter acceleration and deceleration zones at each end and a central 10-meter section for timing. Children will be asked to walk at their comfortable walking speed. Timing will begin when the child crosses the 2-meter mark and will stop when they pass the 12-meter mark. The time taken to walk the middle 10 meters will be recorded. The average of three trials will be calculated for analysis.

Walking speed will be assessed using the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT). The 10MWT is a performance-based measure used to evaluate walking ability or gait speed over a short distance, expressed in meters per second. A 14-meter walkway will be marked, with 2-meter acceleration and deceleration zones at each end and a central 10-meter section for timing. Children will be asked to walk at their comfortable walking speed. Timing will begin when the child crosses the 2-meter mark and will stop when they pass the 12-meter mark. The time taken to walk the middle 10 meters will be recorded. The average of three trials will be calculated for analysis.

Perceived stress levels of the children will be assessed using the "Perceived Stress Scale in Children." The scale consists of 9 items, rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never), 2 (sometimes), 3 (often), to 4 (always). Higher scores indicate higher levels of perceived stress, and there are no reverse-coded items in the scale. The total score ranges from a minimum of 9 to a maximum of 36.

Perceived stress levels of the children will be assessed using the "Perceived Stress Scale in Children." The scale consists of 9 items, rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never), 2 (sometimes), 3 (often), to 4 (always). Higher scores indicate higher levels of perceived stress, and there are no reverse-coded items in the scale. The total score ranges from a minimum of 9 to a maximum of 36.

Children's well-being will be assessed using the WHO-5 Child Wellbeing Index developed by the World Health Organization. The index consists of five positively worded items that reflect the participant's feelings over the past two weeks. Each item is rated on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 5, where 0 indicates the absence of positive feelings during the past two weeks, and 5 indicates the constant presence of such feelings. The raw score is calculated by summing the scores of the five items, resulting in a total score between 0 and 25. To obtain a percentage score ranging from 0 to 100, the raw score is multiplied by 4. A score of 0% represents the worst possible well-being, whereas a score of 100% indicates the best possible well-being.

Children's well-being will be assessed using the WHO-5 Child Wellbeing Index developed by the World Health Organization. The index consists of five positively worded items that reflect the participant's feelings over the past two weeks. Each item is rated on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 5, where 0 indicates the absence of positive feelings during the past two weeks, and 5 indicates the constant presence of such feelings. The raw score is calculated by summing the scores of the five items, resulting in a total score between 0 and 25. To obtain a percentage score ranging from 0 to 100, the raw score is multiplied by 4. A score of 0% represents the worst possible well-being, whereas a score of 100% indicates the best possible well-being.

Attention will be assessed using the Bourdon Attention Test. In this test, children are asked to identify and mark specific target letters within a sequence of randomly arranged letters. A total of 660 letters are presented on a single page, divided into three sections. Participants are given four minutes to complete the task. During this period, they are instructed to locate and mark the designated letters (e.g., a, b, d, g) as quickly and accurately as possible. Scoring is based on the number of correctly marked target letters. Each correct identification is awarded one point, and the total number of accurate responses constitutes the individual's attention score.

Attention will be assessed using the Bourdon Attention Test. In this test, children are asked to identify and mark specific target letters within a sequence of randomly arranged letters. A total of 660 letters are presented on a single page, divided into three sections. Participants are given four minutes to complete the task. During this period, they are instructed to locate and mark the designated letters (e.g., a, b, d, g) as quickly and accurately as possible. Scoring is based on the number of correctly marked target letters. Each correct identification is awarded one point, and the total number of accurate responses constitutes the individual's attention score.