Analyzing Postural Parameters in Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Students

Participants' postures will be evaluated using the Diers Formetric-4D system (DIERS International GmbH; Schlangenbad, Germany) operating with the Dicam 3v3.11 software. In this method, white light raster lines are projected onto the individual's back, and the deformation of these lines due to the 3D shape of the back is captured by a camera. The software detects convex and concave regions, allowing for the immediate identification of anatomical landmarks and fixed points. Using a mathematical algorithm, the system reconstructs a 3D model of the spine.During the measurement, participants will be positioned in a relaxed, motionless stance, standing on both feet, with their arms hanging freely, facing forward, and their backs turned toward the camera. Their heels will be placed on a marked area on the platform to ensure standard positioning.

The Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnarie will be used for the evaluation of musculoskeletal system. This questionnaire is used to identify musculoskeletal disorders and evaluates the body in nine regions: neck, shoulders, back, elbows, wrists/hands, lower back, hips/thighs, knees, and ankles/feet. It provides information on the onset, frequency, and consequences of musculoskeletal pain.

The questionnaire first asks about the presence of pain or discomfort in these nine body regions. If the participant answers "yes", they proceed to the relevant follow-up questions.

The Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ-E) assesses whether pain, discomfort, or aches have been experienced at any time in life, in the past 12 months, in the past four weeks, and on the day of assessment.

The International Physical Activity questionnaire will be used for the evaluation of physical activity. The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) will be used to determine the type of physical activity an individual has performed in the past 7 days and the time spent on these activities. The total score will be calculated by multiplying the duration (minutes) and frequency (days) of walking, moderate, and vigorous activities.

Participants will be classified based on their Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) score as follows:

• Active: Above 3000 MET-min/week
• Moderately active: Between 600 and 3000 MET-min/week
• Inactive: Below 600 MET-min/week

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1 and STAI-2) will be used for the evaluation of anxiety level. The STAI consists of 40 statements divided into two subscales: State Anxiety (STAI-1) and Trait Anxiety (STAI-2), each containing 20 items. It is a self-assessment questionnaire based on a 4-point Likert scale.

• High scores (60-80) indicate high anxiety levels.
• Moderate scores (40-59) indicate moderate anxiety levels.
• Low scores (20-39) indicate low anxiety levels.

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index will be used for the evaluation of sleep quality and disorder. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a 24-item questionnaire designed to assess sleep quality and disturbances over the past month. Among these, 19 questions are self-reported, while 5 questions are answered by the spouse or roommate.

Only 18 questions are scored, categorized into 7 components:

• Subjective Sleep Quality
• Sleep Latency
• Sleep Duration
• Habitual Sleep Efficiency
• Sleep Disturbances
• Use of Sleep Medication
• Daytime Dysfunction Each component is scored between 0 and 3, and the total score ranges from 0 to 21.

• A total score above 5 indicates poor sleep quality.
• A higher total score reflects worsening sleep quality.

The malsach Burnout Inventory will be used for the evaluation of burnout level. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 22 items designed to assess occupational burnout. It is divided into three subscales:

• Emotional Exhaustion (9 items)
• Depersonalization (5 items)
• Personal Accomplishment (8 items)

Each item is scored on a scale from 0 to 4, where:

• 0 = Never
• 1 = A few times a year
• 2 = A few times a month
• 3 = A few times a week
• 4 = Every day After scoring, each subscale's total score is calculated separately.
• Higher scores in Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization indicate higher levels of burnout.
• Higher scores in Personal Accomplishment indicate lower levels of burnout.

The SF-36 Quality of Life Scale will be used for the evaluation of quality of life level. The Short Form-36 (SF-36) is a widely used self-reported health assessment questionnaire consisting of 36 questions across eight subscales: Physical Functioning, Role Limitations, Social Functioning, Mental Health, Vitality, Pain, and General Health. Each subscale is scored separately, and the total score ranges from 0 to 100. A higher score indicates a better health status and greater improvement in overall well-being.