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NCT Number: NCT07525869

An Open-label Prospective Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Pegfilgrastim in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Receiving AC Regimen Following Paclitaxel and Carboplatin as Neoadjuvant Therapy

This open-label, prospective, single-arm clinical study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pegfilgrastim in preventing febrile neutropenia (FN) among patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) receiving anthracycline/cyclophosphamide (AC) chemotherapy following neoadjuvant paclitaxel/carboplatin therapy. In the Keynote-522 regimen, paclitaxel and carboplatin are administered prior to the AC phase, which may increase cumulative myelosuppression and subsequently elevate the risk of FN during AC. Despite this clinical concern, real-world evidence supporting the prophylactic use of pegfilgrastim in Korean patients undergoing this regimen remains insufficient.

A total of 40 adult TNBC patients will be enrolled. Pegfilgrastim 6 mg will be administered subcutaneously once per cycle on Day 2 of each AC cycle (Cycles 1-4), approximately 24 hours after chemotherapy completion. The primary objective is to assess the incidence of FN during the four AC cycles. Secondary objectives include hospitalization due to FN, incidence of Grade 4 neutropenia, delays or dose reductions in chemotherapy due to neutropenia, and evaluation of hematologic and non-hematologic toxicities.

This study is descriptive in nature and does not involve hypothesis-testing sample size calculations. The sample size of 40 was determined based on feasible drug supply and is expected to provide clinically meaningful insight when compared with existing real-world data, in which the FN risk during AC without prophylactic G-CSF is historically reported at approximately 20-25%. The findings from this study may offer essential clinical evidence supporting the preventive use of pegfilgrastim during the AC phase in TNBC patients treated with the paclitaxel/carboplatin-leading neoadjuvant regimen.

Recruiting

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Key information

Age range

19 year–70 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Seodaemun-gu, South Korea

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Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • 1. Women diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer by pathology or cytology. 2. Age ≥19 and ≤70 years. 3. ECOG performance status 0-1. 4. Stage II-III breast cancer confirmed pathologically or clinically. 5. Planned to receive AC chemotherapy following paclitaxel/carboplatin as neoadjuvant therapy.
  • Adequate organ function:
  • Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1,000 cells/mm³
  • Platelet count ≥75,000 cells/mm³
  • Creatinine clearance ≥50 mL/min or serum creatinine <1.5× ULN
  • Total bilirubin ≤1.5× ULN
  • AST ≤2.5× ULN
  • ALT ≤2.5× ULN 7. Ability to provide written informed consent and willingness to comply with study procedures.

Exclusion criteria

  • 1. Prior treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy. 2. Prior treatment with G-CSF or pegylated G-CSF. 3. History of conditions that may affect bone marrow function (e.g., severe liver or kidney disease).
  • Receipt of radiotherapy within 4 weeks prior to study initiation. 5. Active uncontrolled infection or inflammatory disease that may affect study outcomes.
  • Receipt of blood transfusion within 60 days prior to study initiation. 7. Pregnant, breastfeeding, or unwilling to use appropriate contraception. 8. Any condition judged by the investigator to make the patient unsuitable for participation.

Treatment and study plan

Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta)

Drug

Pegfilgrastim 6 mg is administered subcutaneously once per cycle on Day 2 (approximately 24 ± 2 hours after completion of AC chemotherapy) for a total of four cycles (Cycle 1-4).

Primary outcomes

  1. Incidence of Febrile Neutropenia (FN)

    Time frame: Up to 12 weeks

    Incidence of febrile neutropenia defined as (1) fever ≥38.3°C once or ≥38.0°C twice within 24 hours AND (2) ANC <500/mm³ or ANC <1,000/mm³ with a decline to <500/mm³ within 48 hours.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Hospitalization rate due to febrile neutropenia

    Time frame: Up to 12 weeks

    Proportion of participants requiring hospitalization due to febrile neutropenia.

  2. Incidence of Grade 4 Neutropenia

    Time frame: Up to 12 weeks

    Incidence of Grade 4 neutropenia assessed by laboratory values at each chemotherapy cycle.

  3. Chemotherapy Delay or Dose Reduction Due to Neutropenia

    Time frame: Up to 12 weeks

    Proportion of participants experiencing AC dose delay or dose reduction due to neutropenia.

  4. Safety: Hematologic and Non-hematologic Toxicities

    Time frame: Up to 6 months after completion of treatment

    Assessment of hematologic and non-hematologic adverse events based on NCI CTCAE v5.0.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Gun Min Kim, Professor

CONTACT

[email protected]

02-2228-8126

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Yonsei University

Other

Registry information

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Apr 13, 2026
Registry last updated
Apr 20, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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