An Observational Study to Learn More About How Safe Finerenone is and How Well it Works in Indian People With Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes in Routine Medical Practice

This is an observational study in which data already collected from people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are studied.

T2D is a condition in which glucose levels rise in the blood. It is one of the common causes of CKD and can lead to kidney failure. CKD is a long-term condition in which the kidneys' ability to work properly gradually decreases over time.

The study drug, finerenone, is already approved for doctors to prescribe to people with CKD and T2D. It blocks the activity of a protein involved in worsening kidney function.

People with CKD and T2D are already receiving treatment with finerenone based on the results of previous studies. These studies, however, did not include Indian participants.

To better understand the impact of finerenone on CKD and T2D, more knowledge is needed about how well it works in the Indian population.

The main purpose of the study is to learn more about how well finerenone works and how safe it is in Indian people with CKD and T2D. To do this, researchers will check:

• participants' characteristics including age, sex, height and weight, and signs and symptoms of the disease
• other conditions the participants may have along with CKD and T2D, additional medicines they have taken with finerenone, and different treatment patterns in Indian participants.

The different treatment pattern for finerenone includes:

• specialty of the doctor who prescribed finerenone
• the date of starting finerenone
• whether participants were still taking finerenone at each follow-up visit
• the date and reason for stopping finerenone early
• the dose of finerenone the participants took and how often they took it
• changes in the dosage either with a low dose or high dose compared with the previous firenone dose
• after starting finerenone treatment: reseachers may ask to continue treatment with finerenone, or may suggest adding other treatments like SGLT2 inhibitors or potassium binders, or stop finerenone treatment
• after stopping finerenone treatment: researchers may start other treatments, like SGLT2 inhibitors, RAAS inhibitors, or potassium binders or other therapy

Researchers will only look at the medical records from participants in India. Data collected will be from August 2022 to April 2024.

Researchers will track participants' data in India and will follow them until the end of the study period till Nov 2024, last visit date of the participant, the participant discontinues treatment with finerenone, death, kidney failure, or cancer of the kidney.

In this study, only available data from routine care in India are collected. No visits or tests are required as part of this study.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients from India (Indian ethnicity) diagnosed with CKD and T2D prior to initiating finerenone (per the standard diagnostic criteria) and initiated on finerenone per approved label.
• Patient was prescribed finerenone for the first time (drug naïve) for the management of CKD and T2D between 1st August 2022 and 30th April 2024.
• Age 18 years or older at the time of finerenone initiation.

Exclusion criteria

• eGFR <25 mL/min/1.73 m^2
• Serum potassium >5.0 mmol/L
• Type 1 diabetes is recorded in the patient record
• Contraindications according to the local marketing authorization - Patient data will be excluded if below information is identified in the patient record at any point from index date to the end of observation period:
• - Pregnancy.
• - Lactation.
• - Patient taking concomitant medications that are strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., itraconazole, ketoconazole, ritonavir, nelfinavir, cobicistat, clarithromycin, telithromycin and nefazodone).
• - Addison's disease.
• Patient was a part of an interventional clinical study between 1st August 2022 and 30th Nov 2024.