An Evaluation of Dupilumab in Patients With Moderate to Severe Uncontrolled Asthma

FEV1 was the volume of air exhaled in the first second of a forced expiration as measured by spirometer.

FEV1 was the volume of air exhaled in the first second of a forced expiration as measured by spirometer.

FEV1 was the volume of air exhaled in the first second of a forced expiration as measured by spirometer.

FEV1 was the volume of air exhaled in the first second of a forced expiration as measured by spirometer.

A severe exacerbation was defined as a deterioration of asthma requiring: use of systemic corticosteroids for >=3 days; or hospitalization or emergency room visit because of asthma, requiring systemic corticosteroids. Annualized event rate was the total number of exacerbations that occurred during the treatment period divided by the total number of participant-years treated.

A severe exacerbation was defined as a deterioration of asthma requiring: use of systemic corticosteroids for >=3 days; or hospitalization or emergency room visit because of asthma, requiring systemic corticosteroids. Annualized event rate was the total number of exacerbations that occurred during the treatment period divided by the total number of participant-years treated.

The time to first severe exacerbation was defined as the time from the date of first dose to the date of the first severe exacerbation event. For participants who had no severe exacerbation on or before last dose date + 14 days, it was censored at the date of last dose date + 14 days. The median time to first severe exacerbation was not estimated because the number of severe exacerbations was too low in the Dupilumab arms. Therefore, alternative Kaplan-Meier statistics, the probability of severe exacerbation at Week 12 and 24, are presented as the descriptive measure statistics.

The time to first severe exacerbation was defined as the time from the date of first dose to the date of the first severe exacerbation event. For participants who had no severe exacerbation on or before last dose date + 14 days, it was censored at the date of last dose date + 14 days. The median time to first severe exacerbation was not estimated because the number of severe exacerbations was too low in the Dupilumab arms. Therefore, alternative Kaplan-Meier statistics, the probability of severe exacerbation at Week 12 and 24, are presented as the descriptive measure statistics.

LOAC was defined as any of the following: >=6 additional reliever puffs of salbutamol/albuterol or levosalbutamol/levalbuterol in a 24-hour period (compared to baseline) on 2 consecutive days; increase in inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) >=4 times the dose at randomization; use of systemic corticosteroids for >=3 days; hospitalization or emergency room visit because of asthma, requiring systemic corticosteroids. Annualized event rate was the total number of LOAC that occurred during the treatment period divided by the total number of participant-years treated.

LOAC was defined as any of the following: >=6 additional reliever puffs of salbutamol/albuterol or levosalbutamol/levalbuterol in a 24-hour period (compared to baseline) on 2 consecutive days; increase in ICS >=4 times the dose at randomization; use of systemic corticosteroids for >=3 days; hospitalization or emergency room visit because of asthma, requiring systemic corticosteroids. Annualized event rate was the total number of LOAC that occurred during the treatment period divided by the total number of participant-years treated.

The time to first LOAC event was defined as the time from the date of first dose to the date of the first LOAC event. For participants who had no LOAC event on or before last dose date + 14 days, it was censored at the date of last dose date + 14 days. The median time to first LOAC was not estimated because the number of LOAC was too low in the Dupilumab arms. Therefore, alternative Kaplan-Meier statistics, the probability of LOAC at Week 12 and 24, are presented as the descriptive measure statistics.

The time to first LOAC event was defined as the time from the date of first dose to the date of the first LOAC event. For participants who had no LOAC event on or before last dose date + 14 days, it was censored at the date of last dose date + 14 days. The median time to first LOAC was not estimated because the number of LOAC was too low in the Dupilumab arms. Therefore, alternative Kaplan-Meier statistics, the probability of LOAC at Week 12 and 24, are presented as the descriptive measure statistics.

Morning asthma symptom score was determined using AM (ante meridiem) symptom scoring system which evaluated participant's overall asthma symptoms experienced during the night. It ranged from 0 to 4 as: 0 = No asthma symptoms, slept through the night, 1= Slept well, but some complaints in the morning, no night-time awakenings, 2= Woke up once because of asthma (including early awakening), 3= Woke up several times because of asthma (including early awakening), 4= Bad night, awake most of the night because of asthma.

Morning asthma symptom score was determined using AM symptom scoring system which evaluated participant's overall asthma symptoms experienced during the night. It ranged from 0 to 4 as: 0 = No asthma symptoms, slept through the night, 1= Slept well, but some complaints in the morning, no night-time awakenings, 2= Woke up once because of asthma (including early awakening), 3= Woke up several times because of asthma (including early awakening), 4= Bad night, awake most of the night because of asthma.

Evening asthma symptom score was determined using PM (post meridiem) symptom scoring system which evaluated participant's overall asthma symptoms experienced during the day. It ranged from 0 to 4 as: 0=very well, no asthma symptoms, 1=one episode of wheezing, cough, or breathlessness, 2=more than one episode of wheezing, cough, or breathlessness without interference of normal activities, 3=wheezing, cough, or breathlessness most of the day, which interfered to some extent with normal activities, 4=asthma very bad, unable to carry out daily activities as usual.

Evening asthma symptom score was determined using PM symptom scoring system which evaluated participant's overall asthma symptoms experienced during the day. It ranged from 0 to 4 as: 0=very well, no asthma symptoms, 1=one episode of wheezing, cough, or breathlessness, 2=more than one episode of wheezing, cough, or breathlessness without interference of normal activities, 3=wheezing, cough, or breathlessness most of the day, which interfered to some extent with normal activities, 4=asthma very bad, unable to carry out daily activities as usual.

The ACQ-5 has 5 questions, reflecting the top-scoring five asthma symptoms: woken at night by symptoms, wake in the mornings with symptoms, limitation of daily activities, shortness of breath and wheeze. Participants were asked to recall how their asthma had been during the previous week and to respond to each of the five symptom questions on a 7-point scale ranged from 0 (no impairment) to 6 (maximum impairment). ACQ-5 total score was mean of the scores of all 5 questions and, therefore, ranged from 0 (totally controlled) to 6 (severely uncontrolled). Higher score indicated lower asthma control.

The ACQ-5 has 5 questions, reflecting the top-scoring five asthma symptoms: woken at night by symptoms, wake in the mornings with symptoms, limitation of daily activities, shortness of breath and wheeze. Participants were asked to recall how their asthma had been during the previous week and to respond to each of the five symptom questions on a 7-point scale ranged from 0 (no impairment) to 6 (maximum impairment). ACQ-5 total score was mean of the scores of all 5 questions and, therefore, ranged from 0 (totally controlled) to 6 (severely uncontrolled). Higher score indicated lower asthma control.

The AQLQ is a disease-specific, self-administered quality of life questionnaire designed to measure functional impairments that are most important to participants with asthma. The AQLQ comprises of 32 items in 4 domains: symptoms (12 items), activity limitation (11 items), emotional function (5 items), environmental stimuli (4 items). Each item is scored on a 7-point Likert scale (1=maximal impairment, 7=no impairment). The 32 items of the questionnaire are averaged to produce one overall quality of life score ranging from 1 (severely impaired) to 7 (not impaired at all). Higher scores indicate better quality of life.

The AQLQ is a disease-specific, self-administered quality of life questionnaire designed to measure functional impairments that are most important to participants with asthma. The AQLQ comprises of 32 items in 4 domains: symptoms (12 items), activity limitation (11 items), emotional function (5 items), environmental stimuli (4 items). Each item is scored on a 7-point Likert scale (1=maximal impairment, 7=no impairment). The 32 items of the questionnaire are averaged to produce one overall quality of life score ranging from 1 (severely impaired) to 7 (not impaired at all). Higher scores indicate better quality of life.

Participants might administered salbutamol/albuterol or levosalbutamol/levalbuterol as reliever medication as needed during the study. The number of salbutamol/albuterol or levosalbutamol/levalbuterol inhalations were recorded by the participants in their electronic diary.

Participants might administered salbutamol/albuterol or levosalbutamol/levalbuterol as reliever medication as needed during the study. The number of salbutamol/albuterol or levosalbutamol/levalbuterol inhalations were recorded by the participants in their electronic diary.