AI-Assisted Workflow for Occult Atrial Fibrillation Detection After Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Randomized Trial

This study is designed as a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial enrolling adult patients hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke who demonstrate sinus rhythm on admission 12-lead ECG. Participants will be randomized to either an AI-assisted care group or a usual-care control group, and further allocated to active or standard rhythm monitoring strategies. The primary endpoint is the incidence of newly diagnosed AF or atrial flutter within six months, defined by electrocardiographic documentation. Secondary and exploratory endpoints include the rate of oral anticoagulant initiation, AF burden metrics, recurrent embolic events, bleeding complications, major adverse cardiovascular events, cognitive outcomes, and all-cause mortality.

Inclusion criteria

• 18 years or older who are acutely hospitalized due to ischemic stroke;
• A 12-lead electrocardiogram upon admission showing sinus rhythm;

Exclusion criteria

• Previous diagnosis of atrial fibrillation or flutter;
• Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation during hospitalization;
• Pre-existing cardiac implantable electronic device (IVD);
• Expected inability to attend regular outpatient follow-ups after discharge, or to undergo multiple 14-day ECG recordings;
• Requires long-term anticoagulant use for other reasons, including but not limited to chronic pulmonary embolism;
• Known contraindications to non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants due to comorbidities, including but not limited to end-stage renal disease, severe mitral stenosis due to rheumatic heart disease, or metallic heart valves;
• Unwilling to sign a participant consent form.