Affective and Cognitive Responses to Acute Bouts of Physical Activity and Mindfulness Training

Heart rate will be measured using a polar heart rate monitor.and will be recorded every minute during the intervention.

Blood pressure will be measured manually every 4 minutes during the intervention

Perceived exertion will be measured using Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion scale. Participants will be asked how hard they perceive they are working every minute during the intervention on a scale from 6 to 20, with 6 being no work and 20 being working very, very hard.

Participants will be asked to rate how they feel, using the Feeling Scale (FS), every minute during the intervention. The scale ranges from -5 to +5 with -5 being very bad and +5 being very good.

Mindfulness will be assessed using the State Mindfulness Scale, after the intervention, at each study visit. Participants will rate their awareness of physical sensations and mental events (emotions, thoughts) on a scale of 1-5. 1=not at all, 2= a little, 3=somewhat, 4=well, 5=very well. There are 21 items on the scale. A higher score is indicative of greater mindfulness.

Affect will be measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) before and after the intervention. Participants rate how they have felt this week, in response to words describing feelings, on a scale from 1-5; 1=Very Slightly or Not at all, 2= A Little, 3= Moderately, 4= Quite a bit, 5= Extremely. PANAS is divided into two sub-scales for positive and negative affect. Positive affect scores range from 10-50 with a higher score representing higher levels of positive affect. Negative affect scores also range from 10-50 with lower scores representing lower levels of negative affect.

Anxiety will be measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before and after the intervention. Participants will rate how they feel right now, in response to 20 statements about how people may feel, on a scale of 1-4; 1=Not at all, 2= Somewhat, 3=Moderately So, 4= Very much so. Total score ranges between 20 and 80 with 20-37 being no or low anxiety, moderate anxiety=38-44, and high anxiety=45-80.

Participants will complete the NIH toolbox Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test on an iPad before and after the intervention. The Flanker test is scored as a combination of the accuracy score and reaction time score. Score range is 0-10 with a higher score indicating a better performance.

Participants will complete the NIH Toolbox List Sorting Working Memory Test on an iPad before and after the intervention. The test is scored as the total number of items correctly recalled and sequenced. Score range is 0-26, with a higher score indicating a better performance.

Participants will complete the NIH Toolbox Dimensional Change Card Sort Test on an iPad before and after the intervention. The test is a measure of cognitive flexibility. The test is scored as a combination of the accuracy score and reaction time score. Score range is 0-10 with a higher score indicating a better performance.

Participants will complete the NIH Toolbox Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test on an iPad before and after the intervention. The test is scored as the sum of the number of items answered correctly in 90 seconds. Score range is 0-130. Higher scores indicate faster speed of processing.

Participants will complete the NIH Toolbox Picture Sequence Memory Test before and after the intervention. The Picture Sequence Memory Test measures episodic memory; cognitive processes involved in the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of new information. Participants are given credit for each adjacent pair of pictures they correctly place, up to 17 points. A higher score indicates a better performance.