Advanced Glycation Endproducts and Bone Material Strength in T2D Treated With Pyridoxamine

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has become one of the most important diseases of our time. Recent research shows that diabetes has negative effects on bones and that people with diabetes might more likely to break a bone. The investigators don't know the reasons for this, but the investigators suspect that normal bone replacement is slowed down in diabetes and this could slow down the growth of new bone. It is possible that the normal material becomes weaker because sugar-related components ("Advanced Glycation Endproducts") are making the bone more brittle. The investigators have shown in past research that people who have type 2 diabetes are more likely to have both weaker bone with lower "bone material strength" and also higher level of sugar-related components("Advanced Glycation Endproducts"). This study will focus on attempting to lower the sugar-related components("Advanced Glycation Endproducts") by treating a group of patients with type 2 diabetes with an over- the- counter B vitamin, known as vitamin B6 or pyridoxamine for one year. The investigators will compare post-menopausal women both before and after pyridoxamine use and study them in terms of different bone features based on blood tests, bone imaging, a bone indentation test and a measurement of sugar-related components in the skin. This study will help to clarify if using pyridoxamine helps improve bone strength in women with diabetes.

Inclusion criteria

• Postmenopausal women ≥65 years
• Diagnosis of T2D for ≥ 5 years, with all HbA1c levels.

Exclusion criteria

• Hormone replacement treatment (HTR) use (to avoid the influence of estrogen).
• Fractures (excluding skull, facial bones, metacarpals, fingers, toes, and fractures associated with severe trauma) within 12 months.
• A history of pathological fractures (eg, due to Paget's disease, myeloma, metastatic malignancy).
• Type 1 diabetes
• Disorders associated with altered skeletal structure or function (chronic liver disease' chronic renal disease stage 4 [eGFR < 30 mL/mim/1.73 m2] or worse, malignancy, hypoparathyroidism or hyperparathyroidism,acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, hypopituitarism, alcohol intake > 3U/day).
• Treatment with any of the following drugs in part year:current corticosteroid, anticonvulsant therapy(phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, carbamazepine), SGLT2 inhibitor if on it for < 1 year), pharmacological doses of thyroid hormone (TSH<normal), adrenal or anabolic steroids, Aromatase inhibitors, calcitonin, bisphosphonates, denosumab, estrogen, or selective estrogen receptor modulator, sodium fluoride, teriparatide, thiazolidinediones(TZDs).
• Serum 25(OH)D levels < 20 ng/ml. If 25(OH)D levels are < 20 ng/ml, rescreening will be allowed following a vitamin D loading regimen of 50,000 IU/week for 4 weeks. If serum 25(OH) D levels are ≥ 20 ng/ml after supplementation, the subject will be allowed to enroll.
• Current use of pyridoxamine (although not multivitamin or vitamin B6 users because pyridoxamine is not at pharmacologic levels in these supplements).
• Allergy to pyridoxamine and vitamin B6.