Adult Liver Transplant Enhanced Care

Adult patients who received a liver transplant and for whom there are at least 3 tacrolimus blood levels within the last year are eligible for the study. Patients will be recruited from amongst the roster of liver transplant recipients treated at the Recanati-Miller Transplant Institute at Mount Sinai. The intervention will be pilot-tested on up to 15 non-adherent patients. Patients will be identified using an innovative biomarker for non-adherence-by calculating the degree of fluctuation between individual medication blood levels. The telemetric intervention (administered via telephone, or interactive video chat applications such as FaceTime ® or Skype ®) will enable the intervention team (IT) to address non-adherence from a remote location, using a structured, tailored approach that accommodates specific patient needs. The approach includes a focus on psychological avoidance.

Inclusion criteria

• The patient is at least 18 years of age.
• The patient received a liver transplant at least 2 years prior to initiation of the research protocol.
• The patient is able to provide consent (i.e. is not encephalopathic or does not have significant cognitive impairment). Consent may be obtained either by phone or in person (following a script) and is documented by the researcher.
• The patient is prescribed tacrolimus (either brand or generic formulation).
• The patient is not receiving Hepatitis C treatment during the intervention (given this can affect levels of tacrolimus and adherence behaviors)
• Thee patient has been seen in the liver transplant clinic at least once in the last two years.
• The patient's MLVI value was ≥ 2, with at least 3 levels present to make this determination. Only tacrolimus levels drawn in the outpatient setting will be included in SD calculations. Tacrolimus levels in the inpatient setting (i.e. during a hospitalization) will be excluded.
• The patient speaks English or Spanish at a level that allows him/her to understand the study procedures and consent to the study.

Exclusion criteria

• The patient received a liver transplant less than 2 years prior to enrollment.
• The patient received a dual transplant (i.e. liver and kidney).
• The treating physician has instructed the patient not to obtain tacrolimus levels for at least one year in the past year.
• The patient does not understand the study procedures. This will be verified by asking the patient to repeat the study procedures.
• The patient is actively psychotic or severely disoriented due to any cause, including hepatic encephalopathy (temporary exclusion) or severe cognitive impairment.
• The patient is not medically stable or is hospitalized (temporary exclusion until stabilized).