Adopting a Health-social Partnership Program to Promote Health and Self-care Management Among Older Adults in the Community

The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), developed based on social cognitive theory, initially consisted of 20 items and was later refined to a 10-item version that has been translated into Chinese. The scale items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (not at all true) to 4 (exactly true). The total score ranges from 10 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy, meaning a stronger belief in one's ability to handle various situations effectively.

The instrumental activities of daily living is measured by Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale-Chinese version, a four-point scale with 9-items of activities which include use of telephone, transportation, shopping, meal preparation, housework, handyman work, laundry, medication management, and money management. Each item rate trichotomously (1 = unable, 2 = needs assistance, 3 = independent) and sum the night responses. Higher score means a worse IADL.

Quality of Life will be assessed using the 12-item Short Form Health Survey, version 2, Chinese (HK) version (SF-12v2). This survey includes subscales for physical functioning, role limitations due to physical and emotional problems, mental health, bodily pain, general health, vitality, and social functioning. Scores are weighted according to standard scoring algorithms and benchmarked against general population norms, yielding two summary scores: the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS), each on a scale from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better quality of life, with higher PCS and MCS scores reflecting better physical and mental health, respectively.

Using numeric (0-10) pain rating scale to assess the pain level. 0-10 where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable.

Using the 15-item Chinese version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) to assess depression level. The maximum score is 15 (higher score, more severe) with a cut-off point of 8 with high sensitivity and specificity for detection of depression

Use of Modified Barthel Index-Chinese version to measure 10 basic activities of daily living function (feeding, dressing, grooming, bathing, toileting, bed-chair transfer, bladder and bowel control, ambulation and stair climbing).It is measured using a 5-point Likert scale from 1= totally dependent to 5= fully independent. Higher score means better in performing activity of daily living.

Measuring the number of attendance to government out-patient clinics (GOPC), and number of unscheduled visits to the emergency department and hospital admission.

Blood pressure measurement will be performed after 10 minutes of sitting rest. A standard electronic sphygmomanometer will be used to measure supine blood pressure on the right arm of each candidate (unless contraindicated). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured. Individuals with an average BP 135/85mmHg based on readings in the morning and evening based on 6 consecutive days are considered to be hypertensive based on the Hong Kong Reference Framework for Hypertension Care for Adults in Primary Care Settings.

BMI will be measured by the calculation of weight/(height*height) based on a regularly calibrated weight scale and stadiometer when the subjects wear light clothing without shoes. Normal readings are within 18.5-23.

Asking the fall incidence in the past three months. A fall diary is suggested to completed.

Using 12-item Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale to the respondent's ability to take and refill all prescribed medications under different circumstances.The options vary from "none of the time" to "all of the time", with total scores ranging from 12-48 . Higher score means worse in adherence to refills and medication.

Capillary blood glucose level will be measured by a standard capillary glucose meter.