Adjunctive Resonance-Based Chinese Five-Element Music Intervention for Depressive Disorders and Anxiety Symptoms in Male Inpatients

Depressive disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions worldwide and are frequently accompanied by anxiety symptoms, chronic stress, and disturbances in autonomic nervous system regulation. Although pharmacotherapy remains a standard treatment, interest has increased in complementary non-pharmacological interventions that may enhance clinical outcomes and improve patient well-being.

Resonance-Based Chinese Five-Element Music Intervention (RFEMI) is a structured receptive music intervention developed from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Five-Element tone theory and resonance-informed acoustic principles. The intervention will aim to provide individualized auditory stimulation through carefully selected musical materials aligned with TCM syndrome differentiation.

Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) pharmacotherapy only, (2) conventional music intervention combined with pharmacotherapy, or (3) RFEMI combined with pharmacotherapy. The intervention period will last four weeks. All participants will continue receiving routine psychiatric care and prescribed antidepressant medications throughout the study period.

The study will investigate whether RFEMI, when used as an adjunctive intervention, can influence psychological symptoms, TCM syndrome manifestations, neuroendocrine biomarkers, cerebral oxygenation, and autonomic nervous system activity in hospitalized patients with depressive disorders.

Inclusion criteria

• meeting both the ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for depressive episode or recurrent depressive disorder and the TCM diagnostic criteria for Yu disease
• diagnosis confirmed by two senior clinical physicians
• planned inpatient stay longer than six weeks
• no antidepressant medication in the previous six months and no music therapy in the previous year
• male sex, age 18-44 years, junior secondary education or above, clear consciousness, and ability to communicate effectively
• no other major physical disease or mental disorder
• voluntary written informed consent and complete clinical records.

Exclusion criteria

• depression due to organic mental disorder, psychoactive substance use, or non-addictive substance use
• serious organic disease or unstable vital signs
• suicidal or violent tendency, or refusal to cooperate with treatment
• hearing impairment
• inability to follow the intervention protocol
• incomplete scale data or clinical records.