Adjunctive Bright Light Therapy for Opioid Use Disorder

From enrollment to post-treatment assessment

The number of days bright light therapy was completed divided by the total number of treatment days

It will be measured by the Global Satisfaction subscale in an adapted version of the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication. The scores are calculated for each of the subscales, which range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating higher patient satisfaction with the intervention.

Probabilistic Reward Task will be used to assess reward learning

Delayed Discounting Task will be used to assess reward valuation

To assess daily opioid craving, participants will be asked to rate the degree to which they have an urge to use illicit opioids in the moment on a 0-100 Visual Analogue Scale, with 0 being "Not at All" and 100 being "Extremely." This will be assessed multiple times per day via ecological momentary assessments. The timing of administration will be pseudo-randomized, but will broadly cover morning, midday and evening. Higher scores indicate greater opioid craving.

TST is defined as the total number of minutes asleep between the time a participant goes to bed at night and the time a participant gets out of bed in the morning. Total Sleep Time will be derived from wrist-worn actigraphy.

SOL is defined as the duration of time from turning the light off to falling asleep. SOL will be derived from wrist-worn actigraphy.

WASO is defined as the total number of minutes awake following sleep initiation and before participants get out of bed in the morning. WASO will be derived from wrist-worn actigraphy.

SE is defined as sleep latency plus wake after sleep onset, and is calculated as the number of sleep minutes divided by the number of minutes in bed multiplied by 100. SE will be derived from wrist-worn actigraphy.

Illicit opioid use will be assessed multiple times per day via ecological momentary assessments. The timing of administration will be pseudo-randomized, but will broadly cover morning, midday and evening.

To assess daily negative affect, participants will be asked to rate several adjectives that describe negative affect on a 5-point Likert scale, with 1 being "No" and 5 being "Extremely." Items are based upon the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Negative affect will be assessed multiple times per day via ecological momentary assessments. The timing of administration will be pseudo-randomized, but will broadly cover morning, midday and evening. Higher scores indicate greater negative affect.

To assess daily positive affect, participants will be asked to rate several adjectives that describe positive affect on a 5-point Likert scale, with 1 being "No" and 5 being "Extremely." Items are based upon the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Positive affect will be assessed multiple times per day via ecological momentary assessments. The timing of administration will be pseudo-randomized, but will broadly cover morning, midday and evening. Higher scores indicate greater positive affect.