Adherence to Long-term Exoskeleton Rehabilitation to Treat Lower Limb Weakness and / or Deficiencies in Adult Population

The Function in Sitting Test consists of 14 items, each scored on a scale from 0 to 4, where 0 indicates the lowest ability and 4 represents normal sitting abilities. The maximum achievable score is 56, reflecting normal ability.

Gait speed during 10 meter walk

Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration in Balance test evaluates how different sensory inputs contribute to balance control by assessing balance tasks performed under different sensory conditions: eyes open, firm surface; eyes closed, firm surface; eyes open, foam surface; and eyes closed, foam surface. Scores are based on the time the participant can maintain balance (0-30 seconds for each task, with the maximum score being 120 seconds for all tasks, higher scores reflecting good sensory integration and balance control).

Timed Up and Go is a timed task where patient is asked to stand up from the chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, walk and sit again. Based on established thresholds in the literature for various pathologies, the test helps determine if the participant is at risk of falling.

Functional Independence Measure scale score measures the level of disability and the amount of assistance required for an individual to perform activities of daily living. The total score ranges from 18 to 126, with higher scores indicating greater independence.

6-minute walk test measures the walked distance during a 6 minutes' walk, thus assessing walking endurance and aerobic capacities. Results are compared to normative values based on population-specific references available in the literature.

A five-step clinical assessment of spasticity is used to assess adductor muscles, gluteus maximus, hamstrings, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius and soleus.

Biering-Sorensen test measures isometric endurance of the trunk extensor muscles, higher times reflecting better endurance.

Hip flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, knee flexion and extension, plantar flexion and extension muscle strength is assessed by using a dynamometer measure (expressed in Newton).

Montreal Cognitive Assessment is a cognition assessment with scores ranging from 0 to 30, the latter signifying a normal cognitive function.

Safety is monitored through adverse events occurrence.

Modified Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion measures a level of perceived effort and exertion, breathlessness and fatigue during physical activity with rating going from 0 - nothing at all to 10 - meaning almost maximal effort.

System Usability Scale measures usability of the exoskeleton training. The scores are from 0 to 100, scores above 72.5 reflecting good usability.

General satisfaction is assessed by 3-item questionnaire, assessing interest, satisfaction and level of discomfort. The score is comprised from 0 to 10, higher scores reflecting higher satisfaction following the assessed exoskeleton session.

Specific acceptability is assessed by five-item questionnaire evaluating participants feedback on post-session anxiety, motivation, safety, fatigue and pain.The score is comprised from 0 to 10, higher scores reflecting higher perceived specific acceptability following the assessed exoskeleton session.

Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) assesses health related quality of life, by evaluating 8 subdimensions which concern physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional, and mental health. Two summary scores can be retrieved from the questionnaire: physical health and mental health. For people unable to walk, thus using wheelchair, additional three questions will be added from SF-36 walk-wheel questionnaire. Each domain is scored separately, and scores range from 0 to 100. The higher scores indicate better health status.

Neurogenic bowel dysfunction score measures bowel function, having the scores ranging from 0 to 47, scores above 14 signifying severe bowel dysfunction.

Qualiveen questionnaire assesses neurogenic bladder function related quality of life, each item being scored on a Likert type scale ranging from 0 to 4, assessing 4 areas: discomfort, constraints, fears, and the patient's experience. The score ranges from 0 to 4, higher scores indicating lower bladder function related quality of life.

DN4 questionnaire is used to identify neuropathic pain in patients. The score ranges from 0 to 10, a score of 4 or more is considered indicative of neuropathic pain.

3-item sensation assessment with binary choice responses (yes or no) assessed by a physician regarding participants' capacity to perceive superficial sensation (touch awareness, pain perception) and proprioceptive sensation (kinesthetic awareness).

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale is a 14-question instrument rated on a 4-point severity scale ranging between no impairment (0) and severe impairment (3). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale consists of two scales, one for anxiety, and one for depression, with a maximum score of 21 for each, respectively. Total scores from 8 to 10 for anxiety and depression are considered to be borderline abnormal and scores higher than 11 pathological.

Goal Attainment scaling tasks are individually identified to suit the subject, and the levels are individually set around their current and expected levels of performance. The progression is measured by identified levels that are as follows: Baseline score (-2), improved less than expected (-1), improved as expected (0), improved more than expected (+1) and improved much more than expected (+2).

The Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale measures clinically-based adherence to rehabilitation. The overall score is 15, higher numbers, representing better adherence to rehabilitation.

The number of exoskeleton rehabilitation sessions performed will be tracked for each participant.

The duration of exoskeleton rehabilitation sessions will be tracked for each participant, and will be expressed in minutes.

The time spent in an upright position (verticalization) during the exoskeleton rehabilitation sessions will be tracked for each participant, and expressed in minutes.

The overall number of steps performed during the exoskeleton rehabilitation sessions will be tracked for each participant.

The level of device assistance during the exoskeleton rehabilitation sessions will be tracked for each participant, and expressed as a percentage.

The number of passive steps performed during the exoskeleton rehabilitation sessions will be tracked for each participant.

The number of active steps performed during the exoskeleton rehabilitation sessions will be tracked for each participant.