Adding Appetite Stimulants to an ONS in Older Adults

Inclusion criteria

• 65 years of age or older
• Able to consume high energy and/or high protein ONS at discretion of the Investigator
• Written informed consent
• Willing and able to refrain from smoking during the visits
• Able to speak and read in Dutch to communicate with the site staff and comply with the instructions and requirements of the study.

Exclusion criteria

• Any known condition that interferes with the gastric emptying (e.g., gastroparesis, gastric stoma, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease).
• Any known metabolic condition that interferes with the breakdown of amino acids (e.g. arginase deficiency, urea cycle disorder)
• Known history of gastric surgery e.g. (partial) gastrectomy or any other procedure for stomach volume reduction, including gastric banding, gastric balloon.
• Any known chronic/continuous use, and/or within 24-48h before the visit, of medication that strongly affects with gastric emptying or gastric acid secretion (e.g., metoclopramide, opioid analgesics, calcium channel blockers, Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors; tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, imipramine, systemic steroids)
• Known active cancer treatment 4 weeks prior the study start
• Body Mass Index >= 30.0 kg/m²
• Presence of Diabetes Mellitus (self-reported or the use of Diabetes medication: i.e., insulin, biguanides, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists)
• Investigator's uncertainty about the willingness or ability of the subject to comply with the protocol requirements, for example due to the presence of a psychiatric disorder (e.g. major depression, psychoses), dementia or Alzheimer's disease
• Known renal dysfunction with protein restriction diet
• Known allergy to cow's milk protein
• Known allergy to soy
• Known galactosaemia
• Known lactose intolerance
• Excessive alcohol consumption (use of > 14 units per week for women or > 21 units per week for men, on average during the past 6 months).
• Drug abuse based on investigator's judgement.
• Any contraindication to oral feeding per se being: any degree of dysphagia, gastrointestinal failure or suppressed gastrointestinal function, complete intestinal obstruction and major intra-abdominal sepsis.
• Enrolment in any other studies involving investigational or marketed products concomitantly or within two weeks prior to baseline
• Employees, family members or other relatives of employees of the participating centre or of Danone Global Research & Innovation Center.