Acute Ocular Effects of Cigarette Smoking

This study is a single-center, prospective, and controlled study designed to evaluate the short-term effects of smoking on corneal tomographic and biometric measurements in healthy adults. The study aimed to include 46 smokers and 46 non-smokers. To avoid inter-eye correlation, only the right eye of each participant was evaluated. All participants initially underwent a full ophthalmological examination and measurements were taken using a Pentacam device. Afterward, all participants waited in standard outdoor conditions for 10 minutes. During this time, participants in the smoking group smoked, while participants in the control group did not smoke. The same measurements were repeated at the end of the period. The study aimed to compare within-group and between-group differences in changes.

Inclusion criteria

• Healthy adults aged 18 to 60 years
• Current smokers in the smoking group
• Never-smokers in the control group
• Willing and able to undergo ophthalmic examination and Pentacam AXL measurements

Exclusion criteria

• History of ocular surgery or ocular trauma
• Presence of corneal disease, retinal disease, or ocular surface disorder
• Clinically significant dry eye disease
• Contact lens use within the last 2 weeks
• Use of medications that may affect the ocular surface or pupillary dynamics, including anticholinergics or sympathomimetics
• Systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension
• Former smoking history in the control group
• Use of electronic cigarettes or other tobacco products
• Inability to cooperate adequately for accurate measurement