Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Motor Symptoms in Early Parkinson's Disease

The MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) Part III assesses motor function in Parkinson's disease patients. It evaluates a range of motor symptoms, including tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and gait. The scale is widely used to track disease progression and response to treatment. It consists of 26 items, scored based on the severity of each symptom.

The MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) Part III assesses motor function in Parkinson's disease patients. It evaluates a range of motor symptoms, including tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and gait. The scale is widely used to track disease progression and response to treatment. It consists of 26 items, scored based on the severity of each symptom.

The VAS range from 0-10, with higher score indicating more severe symptoms

The MDS-UPDRS Part II evaluates the activities of daily living (ADL) in Parkinson's disease patients. It assesses how motor and non-motor symptoms impact daily functioning, including tasks such as dressing, eating, and walking. This section helps in understanding the patient's ability to perform everyday activities. It consists of 13 items, each scored based on the level of difficulty experienced.

The MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) is a comprehensive tool used to assess the severity of Parkinson's disease symptoms. It is divided into four parts: motor examination (Part III), activities of daily living (Part II), non-motor experiences of daily living (Part I), and motor complications (Part IV). This scale helps in tracking disease progression, evaluating treatment efficacy, and improving clinical decision-making.

The MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) Part III assesses motor function in Parkinson's disease patients. It evaluates a range of motor symptoms, including tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and gait. The scale is widely used to track disease progression and response to treatment. It consists of 26 items, scored based on the severity of each symptom.

The PDQ-39 (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39) is a patient-reported outcome measure used to assess the health-related quality of life in Parkinson's disease patients. It includes 39 items covering eight domains: mobility, activities of daily living, emotional well-being, stigma, social support, cognition, communication, and sleep. Each item is scored based on the degree of difficulty or discomfort, and the results are summarized to provide an overall score. Higher scores indicate greater impairment in quality of life.

The Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) is a tool used to assess sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease patients. It consists of 15 items, covering sleep quality, nighttime symptoms, and daytime sleepiness. Each item is rated on a scale from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating more severe sleep problems. The total score helps to evaluate the overall impact of sleep disturbances on the patient's quality of life.

The Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) is a tool used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms. It consists of 20 items, each addressing mood, behavior, and physical symptoms related to depression. Each item is scored on a 4-point scale, ranging from "none" to "severe." Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms, helping to assess the patient's mental health status.

The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) is a tool used to assess the severity of anxiety symptoms. It consists of 20 items, which evaluate physical and psychological symptoms of anxiety. Each item is scored on a 4-point scale, from "none" to "severe." Higher total scores indicate greater levels of anxiety, helping to gauge the patient's emotional and mental state.

The hospital's radiology department uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure and map brain activity by detecting changes in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals in different brain regions.

Stratifying by gender into male and female subgroups, we assessed the difference in MDS-UPDRS Part III scores within each subgroup to compare the efficacy between men and women. The MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) Part III assesses motor function in Parkinson's disease patients. It evaluates a range of motor symptoms, including tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and gait. The scale is widely used to track disease progression and response to treatment. It consists of 26 items, scored based on the severity of each symptom.

Age stratification was performed by dividing participants into two subgroups: those younger than 60 years and those aged 60 and above. The difference in MDS-UPDRS Part III scores was assessed within each subgroup to compare the treatment efficacy between the two age subgroups. The MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) Part III assesses motor function in Parkinson's disease patients. It evaluates a range of motor symptoms, including tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and gait. The scale is widely used to track disease progression and response to treatment. It consists of 26 items, scored based on the severity of each symptom.

Patients were stratified based on disease severity using the Hoehn and Yahr staging system into four subgroups: stage 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5. The efficacy differences across disease stages were assessed by evaluating the change in MDS-UPDRS Part III scores within each subgroup. The difference in MDS-UPDRS Part III scores was assessed within each subgroup to compare the treatment efficacy between the two age subgroups. The MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) Part III assesses motor function in Parkinson's disease patients. It evaluates a range of motor symptoms, including tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and gait. The scale is widely used to track disease progression and response to treatment. It consists of 26 items, scored based on the severity of each symptom.

Acupuncture-related adverse reactions include: severe acupuncture site pain (VAS > 7), acupuncture site pain lasting more than 30 minutes, and local subcutaneous hematoma in the stimulated area. Moxibustion-related adverse reactions include: local redness and swelling, burns, and blistering. For medicines, please refer to the drug's instructions.

Patient adherence is assessed using the treatment frequency count method to estimate the subjects' adherence. A good adherence criterion is defined as having received 80% or more of the scheduled treatments. Adherence is calculated by dividing the number of treatments received by the number of treatments expected, multiplied by 100%.