Acupressure in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Feasibility of self-performed acupressure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis assessed by the number of study sessions completed by participants. Results reflect the number of participants who responded to all of the surveys administered at the Day 42 visit.

The Acupressure Tolerability Scale was comprised of 4 questions for participants to complete. Each question used a different scoring method, so the questions are reported as separate outcomes.

Question 1 asked whether participants were able to perform acupressure for the required time each day. Responses were on a 0-10 scale with 0 being 'not at all' and 10 being 'all of the time.'

The Acupressure Tolerability Scale was comprised of 4 questions for participants to complete. Each question used a different scoring method, so the questions are reported as separate outcomes.

Question 2 asked whether participants had to stop performing acupressure at any point during administration. Responses were on a 0-10 scale with 0 being 'not at all' and 10 being 'all of the time.'

The Acupressure Tolerability Scale was comprised of 4 questions for participants to complete. Each question used a different scoring method, so the questions are reported as separate outcomes.

Question 3 asked whether participants stopped acupressure because of pain in the hands. Responses could either be Yes or No. The results represent the number of participants who responded 'Yes' to this question.

The Acupressure Tolerability Scale was comprised of 4 questions for participants to complete. Each question used a different scoring method, so the questions are reported as separate outcomes.

Question 4 asked whether participants stopped acupressure because of pain at the acupoint, i.e., the place on the body where pressure was being applied. Responses could either be Yes or No. The results represent the number of participants who responded 'Yes' to this question.

The fibromyalgia survey questionnaire comprises a measure of widespread body pain (0-19 points; one point per body location) and an assessment of comorbid symptoms (0-12 points including fatigue/depression/sleep/cognition) which are added together for a total possible score of 0-31 (0 being the lowest score, reflecting the least amount of pain and co-morbid symptoms; 31 being the highest score, reflecting the highest amount of pain and co-morbid symptoms captured on the scale). Scores are reported as a single composite score of the total number of points. A score of 13 or higher is needed for the Fibromyalgia diagnosis. This can arise from multiple combinations of the widespread pain and symptom severity scores. Results are an average of the participants' scores collected at baseline and at Day 42.

The PROMIS-29 plus 2 Profile v2.1 is designed for adults ≥18 years of age and includes 29 items across the following domains: depression, anxiety, physical function, pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance, ability to participate in social roles and activities, cognitive function and pain intensity. This physical function subscale consists of 4 questions, which can result in a raw score of between 4 (reflecting lowest/worst physical functioning) and 20 (reflecting highest/best physical functioning).

The PROMIS-29 plus 2 Profile v2.1 is designed for adults ≥18 years of age and includes 29 items across the following domains: depression, anxiety, physical function, pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance, ability to participate in social roles and activities, cognitive function, and pain intensity. This anxiety subscale consists of 4 questions, which can result in a raw score of between 4 (reflecting lowest anxiety) and 20 (reflecting highest anxiety).

The PROMIS-29 plus 2 Profile v2.1 is designed for adults ≥18 years of age and includes 29 items across the following domains: depression, anxiety, physical function, pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance, ability to participate in social roles and activities, cognitive function and pain intensity. This depression subscale consists of 3 questions, which can result in a raw score of between 3 (reflecting lowest depression) and 15 (reflecting highest depression).

The PROMIS-29 plus 2 Profile v2.1 is designed for adults ≥18 years of age and includes 29 items across the following domains: depression, anxiety, physical function, pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance, ability to participate in social roles and activities, cognitive function, and pain intensity. This fatigue subscale consists of 4 questions, which can result in a raw score of between 4 (reflecting lowest fatigue) and 20 (reflecting highest fatigue).

The PROMIS-29 plus 2 Profile v2.1 is designed for adults ≥18 years of age and includes 29 items across the following domains: depression, anxiety, physical function, pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance, ability to participate in social roles and activities, cognitive function, and pain intensity. This sleep subscale consists of 4 questions, which can result in a raw score of between 4 (reflecting lower sleep disturbance and therefore better sleep quality) and 20 (reflecting highest sleep disturbance and therefore worse sleep quality).

The PROMIS-29 plus 2 Profile v2.1 is designed for adults ≥18 years of age and includes 29 items across the following domains: depression, anxiety, physical function, pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance, ability to participate in social roles and activities, cognitive function, and pain intensity. This social participation subscale consists of 4 questions, which can result in a raw score of between 4 (reflecting lowest/worst ability to participate in social roles and activities) and 20 (reflecting highest/best ability to participate in social roles and activities).

The PROMIS-29 plus 2 Profile v2.1 is designed for adults ≥18 years of age and includes 29 items across the following domains: depression, anxiety, physical function, pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance, ability to participate in social roles and activities, cognitive function, and pain intensity. This pain interference subscale consists of 4 questions, which can result in a raw score of between 4 (reflecting lowest pain interference) and 20 (reflecting highest pain interference).

The PROMIS-29 plus 2 Profile v2.1 is designed for adults ≥18 years of age and includes 29 items across the following domains: depression, anxiety, physical function, pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance, ability to participate in social roles and activities, cognitive function. This cognitive function subscale consists of 2 questions, which can result in a raw score of between 2 (reflecting lowest/worst cognitive function) and 10 (reflecting highest/best cognitive function).