ACT-Based Intervention for Problem Gambling

The PGSI is a 9-item, 4-point Likert-format self-report scale (0 = never, 3 = almost always) that assesses the severity of problem gambling. Scores range from 0 to 27. A score of 8 or higher is considered indicative of problem gambling. Higher scores indicate greater severity of the disorder.

he DERS-28 is a 28-item questionnaire with a 5-point Likert format (1 = almost never, 5 = almost always) that assesses difficulties in emotion regulation. It consists of six subscales: emotional nonacceptance, difficulty achieving goals, impulsivity, emotional awareness, limited strategies, and emotional clarity. Higher scores indicate greater difficulties in emotional regulation and worse clinical outcomes.

The GHQ-12 is a 12-item self-report questionnaire designed to detect general psychological symptoms. It is answered on a 4-point Likert-type scale. Higher scores reflect greater psychological distress and poorer perceived general health.

The CompACT is a 23-item, 7-point Likert-format scale (0 = not at all true, 6 = completely true) that assesses psychological flexibility, a core process of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. It includes three subscales: openness to experience, awareness, and committed action. Higher scores reflect greater psychological flexibility.

The Valued Living Questionnaire assesses the degree of perceived importance and consistency of action directed toward personal values in 10 life domains (family, work, health, leisure, etc.). Each item is scored from 1 to 10. A composite index of discrepancy between importance and action is calculated. Higher scores indicate less value-behavior alignment.

A weekly subjective scale assessing the frequency and intensity of emotional distress associated with gambling behavior using Likert scales ranging from 0 to 5. Higher scores reflect greater gambling-related distress.

A weekly subjective scale assessing the extent to which the participant has attempted to avoid gambling-related emotions, thoughts, or internal situations. Higher scores indicate greater experiential avoidance and less flexibility.

Daily self-monitoring in which the participant indicates whether they gambled, the duration, type of gambling, emotions before, during, and after, and perceived function of the behavior. Weekly frequency of gambling episodes will be analyzed. Higher frequency is interpreted as worse clinical outcome.

Self-monitoring of the frequency with which the participant has acted in accordance with their personal values during moments of desire to gamble. This is considered a positive behavioral indicator of change.