ACid Tranexamic or Terlipressin for Initial Emergency Treatment of Mild to seVere hEmoptysis: a Randomized Trial.

In over 90% of cases, hemoptysis is due to a bronchial or non-bronchial systemic arterial mechanism.

Embolization of Bronchial Arteries (EBA) is the main specific treatment but is not easily available. Medical treatment for hemoptysis is not evidence-based.

For this study, the investigators will dispense trial drugs using inhalation route which has not been evaluated in mild to severe hemoptysis in previous trials. In addition, as opposed to previous trials, the investigators will assess the safety of trials drugs during hospital stay.

Acid tranexamic (TXA), an antifibrinolytic drug, reduces bleeding in uterine and traumatic haemorrhage by blocking the action of plasmin on fibrin. Intravenous terlipressin (TER), a vasoconstrictor, contributes to control digestive haemorrhage but presents many contraindication when administrated by intravenous route.

The investigator hypothetize that inhaled antifibrinolytic (TXA) or vasoconstrictor (TER) will be associated with an increase in the rapid control of hemoptysis without side-effects.

Patients will be randomized into 3 groups:

• Active treatment 1: Tranexamic Acid 500 mg three times a day (every 8 hours) for 3 days.
• Active treatment 2: Terlipressin 1 mg three times a day (every 8 hours) for 3 days.
• Placebo: normal saline nebulization three times a day (every 8 hours) for 3 days.

Using a hierarchical analysis, the comparison between TXA and TER will be tested once superiority on efficacy of both inhaled TXA and TER vs placebo is demonstrated. The above secondary objectives will then be assessed for the comparison of TXA versus TER.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients over 18 years, under 90 years
• Mild to severe hemoptysis that has been going on for less than 7 days
• Total expectorate blood ranging from 50 ml to 200 ml
• Admission in emergency department or ICU for less than 12 hours
• Social security affiliation
• Signed informed consent
• For child-bearing aged women, efficient contraception includes oral oestrogen- progestin, oral progestin, progestin implants and all types of intrauterine devices

Exclusion criteria

• Need for mechanical ventilation
• Cystic fibrosis
• Pregnancy or breast feeding
• Contraindication for contrast agents injection (renal failure with creatinin clearance < 30mL/min, know allergy to contrast agents injection)
• Known hypersensitivity to TXA or TER or one of its excipients
• Know previous cardiac arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter..)
• Contraindication to TXA (including renal failure with creatinin clearance < 30mL/min) or TER therapy :

• acute myocardial infarction in the 6 past months,
• intrathecal injection in the 3 past months,
• seizure in the past 3 months
• Participation in another interventional study or being in the exclusion period at the end of a previous study.
• Patient under tutorship or / guardianship, and incapable to give informed consent