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NCT Number: NCT05282264

Acceptability of Hybrid Closed-loop Systems in Patients Living With Highly Unbalanced Type 1 Diabetes

While closed-loop insulin delivery (CLID) systems demonstrated safety and effectiveness in patients with unbalanced type 1 diabetes (T1D), no studies have included patients with highly and chronically unbalanced diabetes.

The investigators conduct a retrospective, observational, and single-center study to evaluate the acceptability, safety, and efficacy of a CLID system in patients living with T1D (≥2 years) with a HbA1c>11% in the past 12 months and a mean HbA1c >10% over the past three years. Efficacy was assessed using continuous glucose monitoring parameters.

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Key information

Conditions

Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmune Diseases Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Endocrine System Diseases Glucose Metabolism Disorders Immune System Diseases Metabolic Diseases Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Penfornis, Corbeil-Essonnes, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, France

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About this study

If hybrid closed-loop systems (HCLS) ("artificial pancreas") for automated insulin administration have demonstrated their great interest in patients living with moderately unbalanced type 1 diabetes (T1D) (HbA1c < 8 .6% on average), no study has looked at their safety, acceptability and efficacy in patients living with highly and chronically unbalanced T1D (HbA1c > 11%). These patients, often young, present more or less advanced microangiopathic complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, etc.) or are highly exposed to the appearance of these complications, the prevention of which, whether primary or secondary, involves obtaining a good glycemic balance over time. These patients "escape" the possibilities of current insulin therapy, whether by multiple insulin injections or by insulin pump, more or less coupled to a continuous glucose monitoring system. Automated insulin delivery systems could be a solution to achieve less catastrophic glycemic control in some of these patients. The investigators are proposing a pilot study aimed at evaluating acceptability, safety and effectiveness of a HCLS currently available in France (the SMARTGUARD™ MINIMED™ 780G or the Control-IQ) in patients followed in the diabetology department of the Centre Hospitalier Sud-Francilien (CHSF), living with highly unbalanced T1D (HbA1c > 11%) in the context of usual follow-up.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Patients with closed loop system :

  • Adult patients
  • With T1D for at least 2 years
  • Follow-up in the diabetes department of the CHSF
  • Having a laboratory HbA1c > 11% at least once during the past year and at least one other HbA1c > 10% in the previous 3 years
  • Accepting the closed loop system as part of their support
  • Subject informed of the study and not objecting to it

Patients without closed loop system :

Adult patients

  • With T1D for at least 2 years
  • Follow-up in the diabetes department of the CHSF
  • Having a laboratory HbA1c > 11% at least once during the past year and at least one other HbA1c > 10% in the previous 3 years
  • Refusing the closed loop system as part of their support or
  • Patients for whom a multi-professional medical and paramedical collegial discussion (including diabetologist and nurse referents of the patient) within the service leads to the evaluation of an unfavorable benefit/risk ratio
  • Subject informed of the study and not objecting to it

Exclusion criteria

Patients with closed loop system :

  • Patients without an Internet connection, or without a smartphone or computer
  • Patients for whom a multi-professional medical and paramedical collegial discussion (including diabetologist and patient referent nurse) within the department results in the assessment of an unfavorable benefit/risk ratio (patients with a history of interrupted pump treatment on medical decision, serious psychiatric disorders…)

Treatment and study plan

device

Other

closed-loop insulin

Primary outcomes

  1. Acceptability of hybrid closed-loop systems

    Time frame: at 12 months

    Maintenance rate of a hybrid closed-loop system in patients living with highly unbalanced T1D (HbA1c > 11%) and followed in the diabetes department of the CHSF

Secondary outcomes

  1. Demographic characteristics : age

    Time frame: at day 0

    year

    • lives alone or not; precariousness index,
    • psychiatric history,
    • number of hospitalizations related to diabetes, severe hypoglycaemia, ketoacidosis in the last 3 years,
    • weight, body mass index (BMI),
    • treatment of diabetes: pump (brand, year), multiple injections (MDI),
    • complications of diabetes; microangiopathic: retinopathy (shape and stage), nephropathy (estimated glomerular filtration rate by the CKD-EPI formula, albuminuria/creatinine ratio), neuropathies; macroangiopathic
    • average HbA1c level for the last 3 years

  2. Demographic characteristics : gender

    Time frame: at day 0

    feminine or masculine

    • psychiatric history,
    • number of hospitalizations related to diabetes, severe hypoglycaemia, ketoacidosis in the last 3 years,
    • weight, body mass index (BMI),
    • treatment of diabetes: pump (brand, year), multiple injections (MDI),
    • complications of diabetes; microangiopathic: retinopathy (shape and stage), nephropathy (estimated glomerular filtration rate by the CKD-EPI formula, albuminuria/creatinine ratio), neuropathies; macroangiopathic
    • average HbA1c level for the last 3 years

  3. Demographic characteristics : level of education

    Time frame: at day 0

    year

  4. Demographic characteristics : currrent activity

    Time frame: at day 0

    student, active, retired, unemployed, etc.

  5. Demographic characteristics : duration of diabete

    Time frame: at day 0

    year

  6. HbA1c

    Time frame: at day 0

    HbA1c

  7. Efficiency

    Time frame: At baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months

    • If the patient has interrupted the treatment with hybrid closed-loop, reason for the discontinuation,
    • % of time spent under HCLS,
    • Change of pump between M0 and M12 (Yes/no).
    • Change of transmitter between M0 and M12 (Yes/no),
    • Average total insulin dose per day,
    • Basal/Bolus ratio,
    • Amount of carbohydrates entered/day,
    • Target objective (mg/dL) set,
    • Number of sensors consumed
    • Number of sensor malfunctions
    • International consensus criteria on the interpretation of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM):
    • Evolution of the time spent in the target (TIR),
    • Change in time above target (TAR) for hyperglycaemia > 250 mg/dL, from 181 to 250 mg/dL,
    • Evolution of the time spent below the target of 54 to 69 mg/dL and < 54 mg/dL,
    • Evolution of the glycemic average,
    • Evolution of the coefficient of variation (CV).

  8. Quality

    Time frame: At baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months

    Questionnaire Diabetes Quality of life : from 1 ( very satisfaying) to 5 (very unsatisfactory)

  9. Patient satisfaction

    Time frame: At baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months

    Questionnaire Diabetes Quality of life : from 3 (many) to -3 (less)

  10. Hypoglycemia Fear

    Time frame: At baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months

    Hypoglycemia Fear Survey : from 0 (never) to 4 (almost always)

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien

Other

Registry information

Acronym: HCL-VHP

Important dates

Study start
2022
Primary completion
2023
Study completion
2023
First posted
Mar 16, 2022
Registry last updated
May 22, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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