Absorption and Digestion Kinetics of Human Metabolites

Inclusion criteria

• Age: 20-40 years old to constitute a young study population
• BMI: 19-27 kg/m2 to constitute a normal/healthy weight population
• Weight: 133lbs or more
• Subjects must be willing and able to consume a standardized breakfast bar containing cashews and dates (Larabar).
• Subjects must be willing to consume oral dietary supplement versions of spermidine, 1-methlynicotinamide, palmitoylethanolamide, and oleoylethanolamide.
• Subjects must be willing and able to undergo blood draws at the UC Davis Ragle Nutrition Center at 0, 1, 2, and 4 hours after supplementation with spermidine, niacinamide, palmitoylethanolamide, and oleoylethanolamide.

Exclusion criteria

• Smoker
• Anemia
• Documented chronic diseases including diabetes, thyroid disease, metabolic syndrome, cancer, autoimmune diseases, or previous cardiovascular events
• Any inflammatory bowel disease including IBS, Crohn's Disease, Celiac Disease
• Any allergy or sensitivity to wheat, gluten, or soy products
• Consumption of >1 alcoholic drink/day
• Current consumption of any probiotic, prebiotic, or dietary supplements
• Extreme dietary or exercise patterns
• Recent weight fluctuations (greater than 10% in the last six months)
• Regular use of over-the-counter allergy or pain medications (>1/week)
• Taking prescription lipid medications (e.g. statins) or other supplements known to alter lipoprotein metabolism such as isoflavones.
• Use of any form of hormonal birth control including oral contraception pills, hormonal IUDs or rings, or hormonal birth control patches
• Illness such as flu or cold of any kind within the last two weeks
• Allergy to components of standardized breakfast bar (cashew/dates)
• Changes to any of the above during the study period.