A Virtual Reality Mindfulness-based Intervention for Nurse Managers

Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). A 10-item self-report measure of perceived stress. It is a measure of the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful over the past month. The 4-point Likert Scale includes responses of 0 (never), 1 (almost never), 2 (sometimes), 3 (fairly often), and 4 (very often). Individual scores on the PSS can range from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating higher perceived stress.

The MBI-HSS is a self-report assessment of perceptions of burnout specific to healthcare providers. The 22-items describe job-related feelings that healthcare providers may experience in the workplace and encompasses three sub scales of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. The Likert scale responses include 0 (never), 1 (a few times a year or less), 2 (once a month or less), 3 (a few times a month), 4 (once a week), 5 (a few times a week), and 6 (every day). Each sub scale can have a total score of low, moderate, or high with emotional exhaustion scores: low 0-18, moderate 19-26, high 27 or greater; depersonalization scores: low 0-5, moderate 6-9, high 10 or greater; and personal accomplishment scores: low greater than 40, moderate 34-39, and high 0-33.

The Connor-davidson Resilience Scale-10 (CD-RISC-10) is a 10-item self-report assessment of a person's ability to bounce back after adversity. A 5-point Likert Scale for each statement ranges from 0 (Not True at All), 1 (Rarely True), 2 (Sometimes True), 3 (Often True), 4 (True Nearly All of the Time). A respondent's total score can range from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating higher resilience.

The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9 (UWES-9) is a 9-item assessment of attitudes towards one's job. The UWES-9 measures three primary factors including dedication, vigor, and absorption. Each subscale score, answered on a seven-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (Never), 1 (Almost never, a few times a year or less), 2 (Rarely, once a month or less), 3 (Sometimes, a few times a month), 4 (Often, once a week), 5 (Very often, a few times a week), and 6 (Always, every day), has a range of 0 to 18. Higher scores for each sub scale indicate higher dedication, vigor, and absorption with work.

A self-measured count of inhalations (respiratory rate) taken over a 30-second time period. The participant will place their right hand over their left chest and count inhalations for a 30-second time period before they participate in the virtual reality mindfulness intervention and after they participate in the virtual reality mindfulness intervention.

The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a 10-item scale measuring usability of a new technology or system. In this study, the SUS will be used to measure the usability of the virtual reality mindfulness intervention. Participants respond to each statement using a 5 point Likert Scale that ranges from 1 (strongly disagree), 2 (disagree), 3 (neither disagree or agree), 4 (agree), and 5 (strongly agree). Total scores range from 0-100 with higher scores indicating higher usability. In general, scores > 80 indicate high usability with scores 50 or less indicating low usability.

The Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM) is a 4-item self-report assessment to evaluate integration of the mindfulness-based intervention into the daily workflow of the nurse manager. Each statement is scored with a 5-point Likert Scale that includes 1 (completely disagree), 2 (disagree), 3 (neither agree nor disagree), 4 (agree), and 5 (completely agree). Total scores range from 4-20 with higher total scores indicating higher feasibility.