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NCT Number: NCT05202301

A Study Using Available Data to Learn to What Extent Patients With Prostate Cancer Who Received Second Generation Androgen Receptor Inhibitors Took Their Medication as Prescribed or Stopped Taking Their Medication Completely

This is an observational study in which patient data from the past on men with prostate cancer are studied.

Cancer is a condition in which the body cannot control the growth of cells and tumors may form. If tumors form in the prostate, male sex hormones (androgens) can sometimes help the cancer spread and grow. Cancer that spreads to other parts of the body is called metastasis.

Androgens are mainly made in the testicles. There are treatments available for men with prostate cancer to lower the levels of these hormones in the body. These treatments are called androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Some men with prostate cancer respond to ADT, but in some cases, prostate cancer may overcome the therapy and worsen despite low androgens levels.

Second generation androgen receptor inhibitors (SGARIs) including darolutamide, apalutamide, and enzalutamide are available for the treatment of prostate cancer in addition to ADT. SGARIs work by blocking androgens from attaching to proteins in cancer cells in the prostate.

Clinical studies have shown that men with prostate cancer benefit from these treatments. But besides benefits, unfavorable reactions related to these treatments also influence which treatment is chosen, if the treatment is taken as intended or if it is even stopped.

Unfavorable reactions observed for darolutamide, apalutamide, and enzalutamide differ from each other. In clinical trials, severe unfavorable reactions occurred less often for darolutamide.

But information on how unfavorable reactions of each treatment influence their intake in actual or "real-world" prostate cancer treatment is missing.

The main aim of this observational study is to learn to what extent SGARI treatments are taken as prescribed and how often their intake is completely stopped. To find this out, researchers will collect available treatment data of adult men with prostate cancer from the United States who started SGARI treatments between August 2019 and March 2021. The data will be drawn from the IQVIA database.

For each man, data from up to 1 year prior SGARI treatment until at least 3 months after treatment start (up to the 30 June 2021) will be collected.

The researchers will look at the percentage of men who:

* completely stopped to take their treatment or * took the treatment as prescribed.

The results for each treatment (darolutamide, apalutamide, and enzalutamide) will then be compared to find possible differences.

There will be no required visits with a study doctor or required tests in this study since only patient data from the past are studied.

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Key information

Conditions

Prostate Cancer Genital Diseases Genital Diseases, Male Genital Neoplasms, Male Male Urogenital Diseases Neoplasms Neoplasms by Site Prostatic Diseases Prostatic Neoplasms Urogenital Diseases Urogenital Neoplasms

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

Male

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Bayer

Whippany, New Jersey, 07981, United States

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Have at least 1 prescription claims for enzalutamide (National Drug Code [NDC]: 00469-0125-99, 00469-0625-99, 00469-0725-60), apalutamide (NDC: 59676-600-12, 59676-600-56, 59676-600-99) or darolutamide (NDC: 50419-395-01, 50419-395-72) during the index identification period.

-- The date of the earliest SGARI claim to occur during this period will be defined as the index date with the corresponding SGARI as the index treatment.

  • Have ≥1 diagnosis of prostate cancer (ICD-10 code C61.) during the overall baseline period.
  • Age ≥18 years and male gender on the index date.
  • Have continuous health plan enrollment with medical and pharmacy benefits for at least 6 months prior to the index date.
  • Have continuous health plan enrollment with medical and pharmacy benefits for at least 3 months after the index date and throughout the follow-up period.

Exclusion criteria

  • Since patients should not be prescribed more than one SGARI when initiating treatment, patients with more than one SGARI prescribed on the index date will be excluded from the study. This will allow each patient to be assigned to a single study cohort.
  • In order to select patients who are initiating SGARI treatment, patients with the index SGARI treatment during the 1 year baseline period will be excluded from the study.

Treatment and study plan

Darolutamide (Nubeqa, BAY1841788)

Drug

Retrospective cohort analysis, using the IQVIA Real-World Data Adjudicated Claims, US claims database

Enzalutamide

Drug

Retrospective cohort analysis, using the IQVIA Real-World Data Adjudicated Claims, US claims database

Apalutamide

Drug

Retrospective cohort analysis, using the IQVIA Real-World Data Adjudicated Claims, US claims database

Primary outcomes

  1. Discontinuation rate of SGARI treatment

    Time frame: Retrospective analysis from index date 01-Aug-2019 up to 30-Jun-2021

    The proportion of patients who discontinue their index SGARI treatment at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and acutely (discontinuation within 90 days) will be evaluated. In addition, time to discontinuation will be assessed.

    Discontinuation will be defined as a gap of ≥60 days from the end of the days of supply (DOS) of a prescription claim for the index SGARI to the date of the next prescription claim. The date of the last day of supply for the prescription claim that occurs immediately prior to the gap will be defined as the date of discontinuation.

    Discontinuation rate will be defined as the proportion of patients with discontinuation within a set time period (3 months, 6 months, 1 year).

  2. Time to discontinuation (days) of SGARI treatment

    Time frame: Retrospective analysis from index date 01-Aug-2019 up to 30-Jun-2021

    Time to discontinuation will be assessed over the entire observation period

  3. Adherence of SGARI treatment

    Time frame: Retrospective analysis from index date 01-Aug-2019 up to 30-Jun-2021

    Medication adherence will be assessed using medication possession ratio (MPR) and proportion of days covered (PDC)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Treatment duration of SGARI treatment

    Time frame: Retrospective analysis from index date 01-Aug-2019 up to 30-Jun-2021

    Continuous treatment duration will be defined as the number of days from the index date to the date of discontinuation or the censoring date, whichever is earlier

  2. Risk factors for treatment discontinuation

    Time frame: Retrospective analysis from index date 01-Aug-2019 up to 30-Jun-2021

    Sociodemographic and clinical patient characteristics will be assessed to identify risk factors associated with the discontinuation of index SGARI treatment using multivariable logistic regression models.

  3. The proportion of patients who had evidence of dose modification of their index SGARI treatment

    Time frame: Retrospective analysis from index date 01-Aug-2019 up to 30-Jun-2021

    Dose modifications will be measured using relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated as the ratio of the delivered dose intensity to the standard dose intensity as recommended for each SGARI

  4. Time to first dose modification (days) of index SGARI treatment

    Time frame: Retrospective analysis from index date 01-Aug-2019 up to 30-Jun-2021

  5. Descriptive summary of the baseline demographics of Prostate Cancer (PC) patients treated with SGARIs

    Time frame: Retrospective analysis during index identification period, from 01-Aug-2018 up to 31-Mar-2021

    Patient demographics evaluated on the index date will consist of age, race, region, insurance and health plan type when available

  6. Descriptive summary of the Comorbid conditions

    Time frame: Retrospective analysis from 01-Aug-2018 up to 31-Mar-2021

    For each qualified patient, the twelve-month baseline period or on the index date will be examined in order to compile patient histories

  7. Descriptive summary of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)

    Time frame: Retrospective analysis from 01-Aug-2018 up to 31-Mar-2021

    Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI): The CCI is a method of estimating the one-year mortality for a patient with certain comorbid conditions. Each comorbid condition is given a score of 1, 2, 3 or 6 based on the degree of mortality attributed to the condition. The scores are summed to yield a total index score which can be used to predict long-term survival. The CCI will be calculated for each patient based on all diagnoses during the 1 year baseline period and the index date

  8. The proportion of patients who received different PC related medications

    Time frame: Retrospective analysis from 01-Aug-2018 up to 30-Jun-2021

    PC related medications: Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) alone; First-generation antiandrogens; Second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors (SGARI); Chemotherapy; Other chemotherapy; Immunotherapy; Bone health agents; Radiopharmaceutical

  9. Descriptive summary of the baseline SGARI-class exposure status

    Time frame: Retrospective analysis from 01-Aug-2018 up to 31-Mar-2021

    SGARI-class exposure status: SGARI-class naïve; SGARI-class experienced

  10. Descriptive summary of the baseline Hormone sensitivity status

    Time frame: Retrospective analysis from 01-Aug-2018 up to 31-Mar-2021

    Hormone sensitivity status: Hormone-sensitive PC; Castration-resistant PC; Unknown

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Bayer

Industry

Registry information

Official study title

Medication Adherence and Discontinuation Among Patients With Prostate Cancer Who Initiated Second Generation Androgen Receptor Inhibitors

Important dates

Study start
2022
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Jan 21, 2022
Registry last updated
Aug 11, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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