A Study to Compare Health Care Costs Between Apixaban and Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Patients With Venous Thromboembolism and Cancer

The all-cause healthcare cost for VTE event was defined as the sum of total cost associated with the total inpatient, total outpatient, and total pharmacy costs for the VTE event. Costs were converted to 2021 United States dollars (USD) using the medical component of the consumer price index and was expressed as cost per participant per month. The date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis was considered as the index date.

The all-cause healthcare outpatient pharmacy cost for VTE event was defined as the total cost associated with the outpatient pharmacy costs for the VTE event. Costs were converted to 2021 USD using the medical component of the consumer price index and was expressed as cost per participant per month. The date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis was considered as the index date.

The all-cause healthcare outpatient medical cost for VTE event was defined as the total cost associated with the outpatient medical costs (excluding pharmacy costs) for the VTE event. Costs were converted to 2021 USD using the medical component of the consumer price index and was expressed as cost per participant per month. The date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis was considered as the index date.

The all-cause healthcare hospitalization cost for VTE event was defined as the cost associated with the inpatient hospitalization for the VTE event. Costs were converted to 2021 USD using the medical component of the consumer price index and was expressed as cost per participant per month. The date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis was considered as the index date.

Recurrent VTE was identified based on inpatient claims with VTE as the primary diagnosis on any claim (international classification of diseases, tenth revision, clinical modification [ICD-10-CM] diagnosis codes). Recurrent VTE all cause healthcare costs were defined as the costs associated with the first recurrent VTE hospitalization and all subsequent VTE costs in the inpatient (primary or secondary diagnosis) or outpatient (any position) setting. Costs were converted to 2021 USD using the medical component of the consumer price index and was expressed as cost per participant per month. The date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis was considered as the index date.

Recurrent VTE was identified based on inpatient claims with VTE as the primary diagnosis on any claim (ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes). Recurrent VTE outpatient medical costs included costs associated with physician office visits, emergency room visits, laboratory or pathology visits, radiology exams, and outpatient surgical visits. Costs were converted to 2021 USD using the medical component of the consumer price index and was expressed as cost per participant per month. The date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis was considered as the index date.

Recurrent VTE was identified based on inpatient claims with VTE as the primary diagnosis on any claim (ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes). The all-cause healthcare hospitalization cost for recurrent VTE event was defined as the cost associated with the inpatient hospitalization for the recurrent VTE event. Costs were converted to 2021 USD using the medical component of the consumer price index and was expressed as cost per participant per month. The date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis was considered as the index date.

Major bleeding was defined by primary discharge diagnosis on any claim in the inpatient setting, including gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and other major bleeding. Major bleeding-related all cause healthcare costs were defined as costs associated with the first major bleeding hospitalization plus all subsequent bleeding costs occurring in the inpatient (primary or secondary diagnosis) or outpatient setting (any position). Costs were converted to 2021 USD using the medical component of the consumer price index and was expressed as cost per participant per month. The date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis was considered as the index date.

Major bleeding was defined by primary discharge diagnosis on any claim in the inpatient setting, including GI bleeding, ICH and other major bleeding. Major bleeding-related all cause outpatient medical costs were major bleeding related outpatient costs associated with physician office visits, emergency room visits, laboratory or pathology visits, radiology exams, and outpatient surgical visits. Costs were converted to 2021 USD using the medical component of the consumer price index and was expressed as cost per participant per month. The date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis was considered as the index date.

Major bleeding was defined by primary discharge diagnosis on any claim in the inpatient setting, including GI bleeding, ICH, and other major bleeding. Major bleeding-related all cause healthcare costs were defined as costs associated with the first major bleeding hospitalization plus all subsequent bleeding costs occurring in the inpatient (primary or secondary diagnosis). Costs were converted to 2021 USD using the medical component of the consumer price index and was expressed as cost per participant per month. The date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis was considered as the index date.

CRNM bleeding-related all cause healthcare costs were combination of bleeding related inpatient and outpatient costs. CRNM bleeding was defined as an inpatient encounter with a secondary diagnosis code for bleeding (without a major bleeding code in the primary position) or an outpatient encounter with a diagnosis code in any position for CRNM GI bleeding or other non-critical types of bleeding. Any CRNM bleeding events that followed a major bleeding event were not included in the analysis of CRNM bleeding. Costs were converted to 2021 USD using the medical component of the consumer price index and was expressed as cost per participant per month. The date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis was considered as the index date.

CRNM bleeding was defined as an inpatient encounter with a secondary diagnosis code for bleeding (without a major bleeding code in the primary position) or an outpatient encounter with a diagnosis code in any position for CRNM GI bleeding or other non-critical types of bleeding. CRNM bleeding all cause outpatient medical costs were major bleeding related outpatient costs associated with physician office visits, emergency room (ER) visits, laboratory or pathology visits, radiology exams, and outpatient surgical visits. Any CRNM bleeding events that followed a major bleeding event were not included in the analysis of CRNM bleeding. Costs were converted to 2021 USD using the medical component of the consumer price index and was expressed as cost per participant per month. The date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis was considered as the index date.

CRNM bleeding was defined as an inpatient encounter with a secondary diagnosis code for bleeding (without a major bleeding code in the primary position) or an outpatient encounter with a diagnosis code in any position for CRNM GI bleeding or other non-critical types of bleeding. Any CRNM bleeding events that followed a major bleeding event were not included in the analysis of CRNM bleeding. Costs were converted to 2021 USD using the medical component of the consumer price index and was expressed as cost per participant per month. The date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis was considered as the index date.

Mean number of hospitalizations PPPM for VTE events are reported in this outcome measure. Index date was defined as the date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription claim on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis.

Mean number of outpatient medical visits PPPM for VTE events are reported in this outcome measure. Outpatient visits included physician office visits, ER visits, laboratory or pathology visits, radiology exams, and outpatient surgical visits and ancillary or other services. Index date was defined as the date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription claim on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis.

Mean number of prescription fills PPPM for VTE events are reported in this outcome measure. Index date was defined as the date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription claim on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis.

Recurrent VTE was identified based on inpatient claims with VTE as the primary diagnosis on any claim (ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes). Mean number of hospitalizations PPPM for recurrent VTE events are reported in this outcome measure. Index date was defined as the date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription claim on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis.

Recurrent VTE was identified based on inpatient claims with VTE as the primary diagnosis on any claim (ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes). Outpatient visits included physician office visits, ER only visits, laboratory or pathology visits, radiology, and surgical services and ancillary or other services. Index date was defined as the date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription claim on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis.

Major bleeding was defined by primary discharge diagnosis on any claim in the inpatient setting, including GI bleeding, ICH and other major bleeding. Mean number of hospitalizations PPPM for recurrent VTE events are reported in this outcome measure. Index date was defined as the date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription claim on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis.

Major bleeding was defined by primary discharge diagnosis on any claim in the inpatient setting, including GI bleeding, ICH and other major bleeding. Outpatient visits included physician office visits, ER only visits, laboratory or pathology visits, radiology, and surgical services and ancillary or other services. Index date was defined as the date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription claim on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis.

CRNM bleeding was defined as an inpatient encounter with a secondary diagnosis code for bleeding (without a major bleeding code in the primary position) or an outpatient encounter with a diagnosis code in any position for CRNM GI bleeding or other non-critical types of bleeding. Mean number of hospitalizations PPPM for recurrent VTE events are reported in this outcome measure. Index date was defined as the date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription claim on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis.

CRNM bleeding was defined as an inpatient encounter with a secondary diagnosis code for bleeding (without a major bleeding code in the primary position) or an outpatient encounter with a diagnosis code in any position for CRNM GI bleeding or other non-critical types of bleeding. Outpatient visits included physician office visits, ER only visits, laboratory or pathology visits, radiology, and surgical services and ancillary or other services. Index date was defined as the date of the first apixaban or LMWH prescription claim on or within the 30 days following a VTE diagnosis.